Prolactin inducible protein in cancer, fertility and immunoregulation: structure, function and its clinical implications

Prolactin inducible protein (PIP) is a 17- kDa single polypeptide chain, known by various names due to its versatile nature and function in human reproductive and immunological systems. It is expressed in several exocrine tissues such as the lacrimal, salivary, and sweat glands. Its expression is up regulated by prolactin and androgens, and estrogens down regulate it. Due to its over-expression in metastatic breast and prostate cancer, presently PIP is considered as a prognostic biomarker. Moreover, its aspartyl-proteinase nature suggests its role in tumor progression. PIP has unique features because it is small in size and plays multiple important functions. Its ability to bind potentially with CD4-T cell receptor, immunoglobulin G (IgG), actin, zinc α2-glycoprotein (ZAG), fibronectin and enamel pellicle, reveals its important biological functions. This is the first comprehensive review on the structure and functional analysis of PIP and its clinical applications. Received 04 August 2008; received after revision 09 September 2008; accepted 15 September 2008     

沉默Maspin基因对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7侵袭迁移能力的影响

目的 探讨靶向沉默maspin基因对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞侵袭和迁移能力的影响.方法 构建针对maspin基因的具有荧光蛋白表达的shRNA真核表达载体,稳定转染入乳腺癌细胞MCF-7中.通过划痕实验和Transwell小室侵袭实验分别观察转染前后细胞迁移及侵袭能力的影响.分别用RT-PCR及Western Blot检测转染重组质粒前后细胞maspin mRNA和蛋白表达情况.结果 成功构建表达质粒pGenesil-HK、pGenesil-maspin-1和pGenesil-maspin-2,并成功稳定转染MCF-7细胞.与未转染组和pGenesil-HK组相比,转染pGenesil-maspin-1和pGenesil-maspin-2后的MCF-7细胞划痕伤口愈合速度加快(P＜0.05),细胞侵袭至小室下层的细胞数明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).RT-PCR及Western Blot结果表明转染pGenesil-maspin-1和pGenesil-maspin-2后的细胞maspin的mRNA和蛋白表达明显下降.结论 靶向maspin基因的RNA干扰能够下调maspin基因在乳腺癌MCF-7细胞中的表达,并能增强肿瘤细胞的侵袭和迁移能力.     

人胃癌裸鼠移植瘤转移模型的研究概况

胃癌的基础与临床研究需要能真正模拟胃癌在人体内自然生长、侵袭及转移全部过程的动物模型。目前,人胃癌裸鼠移植模型是人体外最接近人类胃癌的整体实验模型,并且造模时间短,成功率高,按移植部位可以分为皮下移植、原位移植、腹腔移植以及转移模型。影响裸鼠移植模型建立的因素主要有人胃癌细胞或外科标本的特性、移植部位及移植、癌细胞数量、裸鼠的品系和周龄以及生长环境和其他因素的影响。     

Immunocytological evidence for the presence of vertebrate FSH and LH-like substances in the brain and thoracic ganglion of the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus

Investigating the distribution of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus, helps in the understanding of its reproductive regulation mechanism. This study has detected the location of vertebrate FSH- and LH-like substances in the brain and the thoracic ganglion mass with immunocytochemical techniques. Their immunoreaction is very weak or negative during the immature period and the post-spawning period, while it is stronger in the mature period. Localization of FSH-like immunoreactive cells resembles that of LH-tike cells. These immunoreactive cells were observed chiefly in the anterior median cell-cluster of the protocerebrum with stronger immunostaining. There were only a few in the inboard cell-cluster of the olfactory lobe of the deutocerebrum and the posterior cell-cluster of the tritocerebrum. Immunoreactive cells were located in all the three ganglia in the thoracic ganglion mass. These results indicated that substances resembling the vertebrate FSH and LH exist in P. trituberculatus, and their expression has some correlation with the developmental stage of ovaries, thus they might engage in the ovary development and ovulation.     

海参皂苷Echinoside A通过MMP-9信号通路抑制肿瘤转移

从富含海参皂苷的革皮氏海参中分离纯化出Echinoside A（EA）,并研究了其抗肿瘤细胞转移活性及其作用机制。通过MTT法检测了EA对肿瘤细胞（HepG2）和人脐静脉内皮细胞生长的影响;采用细胞黏附实验、划痕愈合实验和Transwell小室侵袭模型研究了EA对肿瘤细胞黏附、迁移和侵袭能力的影响;采用体外小管形成实验...     

透明质酸结合蛋白和CD44s与乳腺浸润性微小乳头状癌高淋巴结转移的关系

目的：探讨透明质酸结合蛋白（HABP）和CD44s在乳腺浸润性微小乳头状癌（IMPC）的表达特征及与其高淋巴结转移的相互关系.方法：采用免疫组化染色方法检测21例IMPC及13例假性IMPC（Pseudo-IMPC）中HABP和CD44s的表达.结果：HABP在16例（76%）IMPC的癌细胞团与间质相接的外侧面以及间质细胞均高表达,而仅在3例（23%）Pseudo-IMPC中癌细胞膜或间质细胞弱表达,两组间差异明显（P=0.0042）.CD44s在15例（70%）IMPC中癌细胞连接面高表达,在8例（62%）Pseudo-IMPC中癌细胞膜全周表达阳性.此外,临床数据表明有18例IMPC及5例Pseudo-IMPC表现出淋巴结转移,且两组间差异显著（P=0.0078）.结论：HABP及CD44s的特殊表达作为两个重要的危险因子促进了IMPC的淋巴结转移.     

应用cDNA微阵列芯片筛选胃癌转移相关基因的初步研究

采用cDNA微阵列技术建立胃癌原发灶和淋巴结转移灶基因表达谱,识别和克隆胃癌转移相关基因。用含10000个已知基因和7000个EST的cDNA微阵列分析胃癌原发灶和淋巴结转移灶表达谱的变化,利用生物信息学分析差异表达基因, RT-PCR和反向Northern点杂交验证cDNA微阵列结果。发现2倍以上的差异表达基因601个,其中淋巴结转移灶中表达上调527个,表达下调74个;2倍以上的差异EST 71个,其中淋巴转移灶中表达上调62个,表达下调9个。在胃癌原发灶中,与细胞免疫、发育、信号转导功能相关基因存在高表达;而在淋巴结转移灶中,与细胞生长、细胞周期、细胞运动和粘附功能相关基因存在高表达。RT-PCR和反向Northern点杂交结果进一步证实carbonic anhydraseⅡ、IGFBP-4基因高表达与胃癌转移相关。通过分析胃癌原发灶和淋巴结转移灶表达谱的变化,发现一些与胃癌转移相关的基因和EST,为进一步寻找和克隆胃癌转移相关基因提供研究线索。     

左右手打乒乓球的可行性报告

人们长期用一只手打乒乓球时,另一只手通常就会显得笨拙。此外,长期用单手打球会引起身体发展的不平衡。由中国的"天人合一、阴阳平衡"思想,结合人体大脑科学的研究成果,提出左右手都打球以健脑强身,活化右脑,促进左右脑、脑-体和两侧肢体均衡发展的新思路。