Benefits of combination of electroencephalography, short latency somatosensory evoked potentials, and transcranial Doppler techniques for confirming brain death

Objective： Optimization of combining electroencephalography （EEG）, short latency somatosensory evoked potentials （SLSEP） and transcranial Doppler （TCD） techniques to diagnose brain death. Methods： One hundred and eleven patients （69 males, 42 females） from the major hospitals of Zhejiang Province were examined with portable EEG, SLSEP and TCD devices. Re-examinations occurred 〈12 h later. Results： The first examination revealed that the combination of SLSEP and EEG led to more sensitive diagnoses than the combination of SLSEP and TCD. Re-examination confirmed this and also revealed that the combination of TCD and EEG was the most sensitive. Conclusion： The results show that using multiple techniques to diagnose brain death is superior to using single method, and that the combination of SLSEP and EEG is better than other combinations.     

African species of the mealybug genus Antonina Signoret (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae)

Four species of the legless mealybug genus Antonina have been recorded from Africa and are discussed here. These are A. graminis (Maskell), A. indica var. panica Hall, A. natalensis Brain and A. transvaalensis Brain. All are grass feeding species and live mainly at the base of the plants, between the leaf sheath or at the roots. The names A. indica var. panica and A. transvaalensis have been synonymized previously with A. natalensis but the three species are regarded here as distinct. A. indica var. panica is here raised to specific rank as A. panica. A. graminis is known world-wide, A. panica occurs in North Africa and extends into Israel and possibly Jordan, and A. natalensis and A. transvaalensis are known from the Afrotropical Region. All four species are redescribed and illustrated and a key is provided to aid identification.     

中小企业人才流失问题及其对策探讨

人才流失问题已经成为制约我国中小企业发展的主要问题之一,现以中小企业人才流失的现状和原因为基础,探讨有效控制中小企业人才流失的对策,以促使其健康、快速发展。     

高压氧对慢性充血性心力衰竭患者血循环内皮细胞及脑钠素的影响

目的探讨充血性慢性心力衰竭(CHF)时血循环内皮细胞记数(CEC)、血浆脑钠素(BNP)、血浆内皮素(ET-1)及6酮前列腺素F1a(6-Keto-PGF1a)水平的变化及高压氧(HBO)治疗的干预效应.方法 60例CHF患者随机分为BBO治疗组30例,对照组30例,HBO组治疗压力0.2 MPa,1次/d,每周6次,共治疗4周,并检测用药前后自身外周血循环CEC数量、血浆ET-1,BNP及6-Keto-PGF1a的含量,30例CHF患者未行HBO治疗为对照组.结果高压氧治疗可使CEC数量、血浆ET-1及BNP水平明显降低及6-Keto-PGF1含量明显增加(P<0.01).结论慢性心力衰竭时存在血管内皮细胞受损,而高压氧治疗具有保护血管内皮细胞及改善心功能的作用.     

Missense mutations resulting in type 1 lissencephaly

Proper human brain formation is dependent upon the integrated activity of multiple genes. Malfunctioning of key proteins results in brain developmental abnormalities. Mutation(s) in the LIS1 gene or the X-linked gene doublecortin (DCX) results in a spectrum of disorders including lissencephaly, or smooth brain, and subcortical band heterotopia, or doublecortex. Here, we will focus on a particular subset of missense mutations in these two genes and their effect on protein structure and function.Received 4 August 2004; received after revision 26 September 2004; accepted 5 October 2004     

雪灵芝对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

观察雪灵芝对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用.将Wister大鼠30只分为5组,喂养1周,其中3组每天定时分别灌喂1 mL高、中、低不同浓度的雪灵芝溶液,对照组每天定时灌喂1 mL生理盐水.第8天给大鼠做颈总动脉结扎手术.夹闭颈总动脉前分别灌喂不同浓度的雪灵芝溶液.1 h后麻醉大鼠,夹闭大鼠颈总动脉30 min,再灌注120 min,造成大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,断头取脑并测定大鼠脑组织中的相关生化指标.结果显示:脑组织中,丙二醛(MDA)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、一氧化氮(NO)较对照组明显增高,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)较对照组降低.雪灵芝能降低脑组织中MDA、LDH、NO含量.获得了雪灵芝可能通过抗自由基和减轻NO介导的神经毒性来发挥对脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用的结论.     

双峰驼眼丛及海绵窦的构筑与脑动脉血温调节

双峰驼眼丛及海绵窦均发达,包裹并与硬膜外异网及眼异同密集交织。眼丛还经其分支与头部浅静脉及鼻腔的静脉相连。因眼丛及其分支均无静脉瓣。故其内静脉血的流动可能是双向的:在炎热的环境中,头部浅静脉及鼻腔静脉血液经眼丛进入海绵窦,使硬膜外异网及眼异网内的动脉血降温。而在低温环境下,颅内的静脉血则经眼丛进入头部浅静脉使进入脑的动脉血升温。由眼丛、海绵窦与硬膜外异网、眼异网所组成的动、静脉复合体是双峰驼的脑温调节装置。     

单纯发作性眩晕性脑干梗死30例临床和MRI分析

目的　探讨对以发作性眩晕为主的椎 -基底动脉缺血老年患者发作次数、持续时间与脑干梗死的关系。方法　分析 3 0例椎 -基底动脉缺血以发作性眩晕为表现的患者临床特点及磁共振成像 (MRI)表现。结果　患者平均年龄 >60岁 ,6例每日发作 1次 ,每次发作持续时间 >1h,2 4例为每日反复发作≥ 5次 ,每次发作持续 5～2 0 min,无神经系统阳性体征。头颅 MRI检查前全部患者临床诊断为椎 -基底动脉缺血发作 ,头颅 MRI检查后确诊为脑干梗死。结论　对于单纯表现为发作性眩晕 ,特别是年龄 >60岁的患者 ,眩晕每日反复发作≥ 5次或每次持续时间 >1h,要高度怀疑脑干梗死的可能     

Immunocytological evidence for the presence of vertebrate FSH- and LH-like substances in the brain and thoracic ganglion of the swimming crab，Portunus trituberculatus

Investigating the distribution of follicle stimulating hormone （FSH） and luteinizing hormone （LH） in the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus, helps in the understanding of its reproductive regulation mechanism. This study has detected the location of vertebrate FSH- and LH-like substances in the brain and the thoracic ganglion mass with immunocytochemical techniques. Their immunoreaction is very weak or negative during the immature period and the post-spawning period, while it is stronger in the mature period. Localization of FSH-like immunoreactive cells resembles that of LH-like cells. These immunoreactive cells were observed chiefly in the anterior median cell-duster of the protocerebrum with stronger immunostaining. There were only a few in the inboard cell-cluster of the olfactory lobe of the deutocerebrum and the posterior cell-cluster of the tritocerebrum. Immunoreactive cells were located in all the three ganglia in the thoracic ganglion mass. These results indicated that substances resembling the vertebrate FSH and LH exist in P. trituberculatus, and their expression has some correlation with the developmental stage of ovaries, thus they might engage in the ovary development and ovulation.     

论人才创新能力的开发

建设创新型国家是国家发展战略的核心。中华民族是极富创造力的民族,曾经拥有辉煌的创新史,但在当下,中华民族的创新精神和创新能力远低于世界水平,历史与现实呈现出极大反差。究其原因是当下缺乏创新人才涌现的"合适土壤"。社会环境、教育思想、文化氛围、政策趋向以及人才流失等阻碍着"合适土壤"的培育。西方国家以及我国创新能力实践表明,创新能力是可以开发的。我们要通过教育开发创新潜能,通过改变思维方式,提高创新思维能力;通过普及推广先进、实用的创新方法和创新工具,提高创新的速度和效率。