多工况下油罐车罐体的轻量化设计

油罐车罐体约占整车质量的12%~24%,对其进行轻量化设计对降低发动机油耗、提高油罐车的操控稳定性等至关重要.然而,金属罐体结构已趋成熟,基于通用金属材料性能及其对应结构层面上的优化已难以满足当前高性能轻量化油罐车的需求.考虑到油罐车多工况工作条件,以及复合材料优异的力学性能和可设计性强的特性,构建了一种新型轻质复合材料罐体结构.基于参数化建模方法构建罐体的三维模型,并通过数值模拟方法详细研究罐体在静态和动态条件下的应力分布情况.通过模态分析来确定罐体的主要基本阶的固有频率和相应振型,为发动机选型提供参考依据.结果表明,在满足多工况性能要求的前提下,复合材料模型质量比钢材降低了64.1%,比铝材降低了19.8%.     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of Mn4+-dopant Ca14Zn6Ga10−xAlxO35 solid solution

Mn~(4+)-activated oxide phosphors,owing to their desirable spectral features,eco-friendly and low cost,are emerging as a new class of non-rare-earth red phosphors for warm white LEDs.However,these phosphors possess low photoluminescence quantum efficiency excited by blue chip currently.Herein we report an isostructural solid solution of Ca_(14)Zn_6Ga_(10-x)Al_xO_(35):0.15Mn~(4+)(0≤x≤10)synthesized by a traditional solidstate reaction route.The microstructure and luminescent performance of this red-emitting phosphor are investigated in detail with the aids of X-ray diffraction,diffuse reflection spectra,photoluminescence spectra/decay/QE,and temperature-dependent PL/QE measurements.Blue shift of energy peaks of~4A_2→~4T_1and~4A_2→~4T_2transition is illustrated by the Tanabe–Sugano diagram and the configurational coordinate diagram.The crystal field strength(Dq)and the Racah parameters(B and C)are carefully calculated to estimate the nephelauxetic effectβrespectively.Particularly we achieve external and internal quantum efficiencies as high as26.1%and 40.3%for Ca_(14)Zn_6Ga_6Al_4O_(35):0.15Mn~(4+)excited by 466 nm,the highest one ever reported in Mn~(4+)activated oxide phosphors under the similar condition.     

冻融循环下含裂隙类岩石冻胀力的力学模型及实验研究

以水泥砂浆类岩石材料为研究对象,结合弹性力学、断裂力学和流体力学相关理论,推导出体积膨胀机制作用下多孔岩石冻胀力计算的理论模型,得出冻胀力和体积模量之间呈正相关的增长方式;对经过冻融循环的含裂隙试件进行单轴压缩实验,分析冻胀力对不同角度裂隙试件的影响,发现冻胀力对0°试件的峰值强度影响最明显,随着裂隙倾角的增加,冻胀力对裂隙试件的峰值强度的影响逐渐减弱。该研究为岩体裂隙中冻胀力的求解提供了一个确切的模型,并通过实验验证了冻胀力模型的可行性,为以后研究裂隙中冻胀力的大小提供了理论依据。     

基于层次分析法的供应商评价体系研究

为了选择优质供应商,为高校教学科研一线提供更好的物资设备保障,提出了基于层次分析法构建供应商评价体系,这种方法相较传统方法更科学合理。最后,通过实例验证了供应商评价体系的可行性。     

脆性颗粒材料的超弹性软化模型及应变局部化模拟

在Volokh软化模型的基础上,考虑颗粒材料的变形和破坏机制,认为颗粒材料以剪切变形和破坏为主,提出了表示软化程度的软化因子概念,发展了两种能够部分表征颗粒材料力学行为特征的软化模式,并基于ABAQUS用户材料子程序(UMAT)开发相应程序.数值算例考察了上述模型模拟颗粒材料应变局部化现象和软化现象的能力.结果表明了所建议模型的有效性和可行性.     

Sonochemical synthesis of nanostructured nickel hydroxide as an electrode material for improved electrochemical energy storage application

A facile and fast approach for the synthesis of a nanostructured nickel hydroxide(Ni(OH)_2) via sonochemical technique is reported in the present study. The X-ray diffraction results confirmed that the synthesized Ni(OH)_2 was oriented in β-phase of hexagonal brucite structure. The nanostructured Ni(OH)_2 electrode exhibited the maximum specific capacitance of 1256 F/g at a current density of 200 mA/g in 1 M KOH_((aq)). Ni(OH)_2 electrodes exhibited the pseudocapacitive behavior due to the presence of redox reaction. It also exhibited long-term cyclic stability of 85% after 2000 cycles, suggesting that the nanostructured Ni(OH)_2 electrode will play a promising role for high performance supercapacitor application.     

Detecting MoS2 and MoSe2 with optical contrast simulation

Optical imaging is a promising method to identify and locate 2D materials efficiently and non-invasively. By putting a 2D material on a substrate, the nanolayer will add to an optical path and create a contrast to the case when the nanolayer is absent. This optical contrast imaging can be used to identify the 2D material and its number of layers. To make the optical imaging process in the laboratories an effective tool, Fresnel Law as a model was used to simulate the optical imaging results of 2D materials(graphene, Mo S2 and MoSe_2) on top of different thickness of SiO_2 and Si wafer in the present investigation. The results provide the details of the optimal conditions(optimal light wavelength and optimal SiO_2 thickness) to identify and locate single to few 2D nanolayers, which can be used directly in laboratories. The optical contrasts of 1–5 layers of molybdenum disulfide(MoS_2) and molybdenum diselenide(MoSe_2) were simulated. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that the optical contrast results of MoSe_2 have been reported. In particular, this work highlights the sensitivity of the model on the accuracy of the refractive indices used. It is demonstrated that through computational modeling that optical contrast can allow effective determination of number of layers in few layer 2D materials.     

药用植物白芨块茎挥发油组分的GC-MS分析及成分鉴定

通过分析道地药材白芨块茎中挥发油的化学成分,为进一步揭示其药理作用提供科学依据。采用二氯甲烷为萃取剂提取白芨块茎中的挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)鉴定分析白芨块茎中挥发油的化学成分。结果显示从白芨块茎中共鉴定到 34种主要化学成分,相对含量较高的组分有3-甲基丁醛、乙酸、3-甲基-1-丁醇、4-氨基-3-甲基苯酚和乙偶姻等。该研究将为后续进一步开发利用白芨的食疗保健功效提供了理论参考。     

分子非线性光学性质的量子化学研究

非线性光学是研究介质在强光作用下产生的非线性光学现象及其应用.以有机非线性光学材料苯并噻唑衍生物和花青苷衍生物共6个分子为代表,根据密度泛函理论优化其分子结构,从而得到它们稳定的分子构型,通过分析键长键角、共轭链长度、轨道图像、跃迁能振子其强度以及二阶非线性光学系数Btol值等数据,得出Btol正比于跃迁偶极距,反比于跃迁能,所以增加的跃迁偶极距和红移的光谱吸收峰会导致Btol增大.     

浅谈写作素材的采撷——谈选材

其实写作的素材是发掘不完的,面对“新颖”这个要求,无数同学陷入寻找素材的误区.以为素材的 “新颖”便是别人没有见过的,没写过的.其实,素材“新颖”与否,并不在于是新是旧.关键是要选择一个什么样的角度利用素材、用好素材.