中国南方海相页岩气有利目标区优选的模糊相似法

有利目标区优选是页岩气勘探开发的前提.根据中国南方海相页岩气成藏特点,筛选了页岩有效厚度、有机碳含量、孔隙度等13项页岩气有利目标区优选评价指标,并且结合国内外页岩气勘探开发经验,建立了评价指标的分级分类评价标准.针对页岩气储层的厚度大、非均质性以及勘探早期对评价指标值的地质认识准确度较低,用区间数距离体现页岩气有利目标区优选的不确定信息评价指标值差异,应用模糊相似理论,建立了页岩气有利目标区优选的分级、分类并能区分优劣的模糊相似方法.实例计算分析结果表明,该方法与综合信息叠合法相比,评价结果可靠程度高,而且能判明被评价页岩气区的有利类型和优劣顺序.     

Coincidence and reproducibility in the EHT black hole experiment

This paper discusses some philosophical aspects related to the recent publication of the experimental results of the 2017 black hole experiment, namely the first image of the supermassive black hole at the center of galaxy M87. In this paper I present a philosophical analysis of the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) black hole experiment. I first present Hacking's philosophy of experimentation. Hacking gives his taxonomy of elements of laboratory science and distinguishes a list of elements. I show that the EHT experiment conforms to major elements from Hacking's list. I then describe with the help of Galison's Philosophy of the Shadow how the EHT Collaboration created the famous black hole image. Galison outlines three stages for the reconstruction of the black hole image: Socio-Epistemology, Mechanical Objectivity, after which there is an additional Socio-Epistemology stage. I subsequently present my own interpretation of the reconstruction of the black hole image and I discuss model fitting to data. I suggest that the main method used by the EHT Collaboration to assure trust in the results of the EHT experiment is what philosophers call the Argument from Coincidence. I show that using this method for the above purpose is problematic. I present two versions of the Argument from Coincidence: Hacking's Coincidence and Cartwright's Reproducibility by which I analyse the EHT experiment. The same estimation of the mass of the black hole is reproduced in four different procedures. The EHT Collaboration concludes: the value we have converged upon is robust. I analyse the mass measurements of the black hole with the help of Cartwright's notion of robustness. I show that the EHT Collaboration construe Coincidence/Reproducibility as Technological Agnosticism and I contrast this interpretation with van Fraassen's scientific agnosticism.     

贵州早寒武世黑色页岩地球化学特征及其意义

贵州早寒武世早期普遍存在一套黑色页岩。通过对麻江羊跳、铜仁、遵义中南、遵义松林小竹、天柱大公塘剖面实地考察与地球化学分析,认为贵州早寒武世黑色页岩是在缺氧环境下,热水沉积为主导,同时受陆源强烈影响,是海水、生物和地球深部物质共同作用下形成的.     

复杂断块油田内部低次级断层封闭性定量研究

断块油田内部低次级断层,由于规模小、区域地质特征、成藏条件存在差异性,应用Yielding的断层封闭性评价方法预测圈闭的油藏高度以及油水分布与实钻吻合度不高.为了提高预测精度,提出利用油田内部钻井、流体压力等资料,通过建立断块的深度压力模型,对断层泥岩比率ISGR与过断层压力差(Ap)进行拟合确定符合区域成藏特征的定量...     

页岩油水平井多段压裂裂缝高度扩展试验

针对吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组页岩油储层压裂垂向改造程度低的问题,基于真三轴水力压裂模拟试验研究CO2与胍胶复合压裂相比于常规水基和超临界CO2压裂缝高扩展的优势.创新性建立一套针对天然页岩的水平井多段压裂模拟试验方法,并通过试样剖分、CT扫描和声发射监测等方法综合确定多段压裂裂缝形态和破裂机制.结果表明:低黏度滑溜水和超临...     

基于均匀化理论的页岩基质流固耦合尺度升级

页岩基质通常由微尺度的有机质和无机质组成,由于这两种介质的力学性质差异较大,且气体在两者中的赋存方式和流动机制均不相同,要准确刻画气体在页岩基质中的流固耦合过程,需针对两种介质建立不同的微尺度模型,但由于计算效率问题,微尺度模型无法直接用于宏观模拟.基于均匀化理论建立一种页岩基质流固耦合尺度升级方法,将微尺度上有机质和...     

岩溶地区马尾松群落成因研究

对广西岩溶山区生态重建示范点都安县三只羊乡岜马屯和全州县白宝乡行水田村的两个马尾松(Pinus massoniana)群落的外貌及结构特征、种类组成、土壤状况等进行了调查分析和相似性对比研究,并与砂、页岩地区的马尾松群落进行比较.得出:在特殊的情况下岩溶地区的碳酸盐岩地层的土壤形成酸性,是岩溶山区能形成马尾松群落的主要原因.     

页岩结构完整性评价的热-流体-变形耦合理论与方法

该文应用连续介质力学理论建立了与蒸汽注入过程相关的热-流-变形耦合问题的基本数学模型;应用全隐式顺序Galerkin有限元数值解方案,对注蒸汽井的热-流体-变形耦合过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,由于低渗透页岩地层流体高温膨胀导致的超高孔隙压力,有可能产生拉张应力,严重时会导致地层破裂。     

Interpreting cosmic no hair theorems: Is fatalism about the far future of expanding cosmological models unavoidable?

It may be tempting to interpret cosmic no hair theorems (establishing that, under certain conditions, a cosmological model with accelerating expansion approaches de Sitter metric in the future) as implying a form of fatalism about a future state of the universe. In this note I explore (rather general) philosophical and (more concrete) physical reasons to resist such temptation. There are good reasons to think that (even locally) futures of expanding cosmological models may be unlike de Sitter.