Overexpression of glutamine synthetases confers transgenic rice herbicide resistance

Glutamine synthetase (GS, E.C.6.3.1.2) is a key enzyme involved in the assimilation of inorganic nitrogen in higher plants and gram-negative microorganisms. GS is the targeting enzyme of a herbicide phosphinothricin (PPT) or Basta. In order to generate PPT-resistant transgenic rice via overexpression of GS, we constructed a plant expression vector p2GS harboring two different isoenzymes GS1 and GS2 cDNAs under the control of constitutive promoters of rice Act1 and maize Ubiquitin(Ubi) genes. The p2GS was introduced into rice genome by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and confirmed by PCR and Southern blot hybridization. GS-transgene expression was first detected by Northern blot analyses. Results from Basta test indicated that GS-transgenic plants can tolerate as high as 0.3% Basta solution. In addition, our results also demonstrated that GS overexpression conferred transformed rice calli PPT resistance. Thus, GS cassette can serve as a selective marker gene instead of bar cassette for selection of PPT transformants.     

江米酒酒醪中凝乳酶酶学性质的初步研究

对江米酒中提取纯化得到的凝乳酶的酶学性质进行了研究.结果表明,该凝乳酶反应的最适反应温度为35～40.℃,60℃保持20.min完全失活;随着pH的降低凝乳活力提高,在pH 1～7范围内稳定,最适pH为5.2;Na+、K+对其凝乳活力表现微弱的抑制作用,而NH4+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Ba2+、Zn2+、Mn2+、Al3+、Fe2+有明显的促进作用.离子型表面活性剂对凝乳酶活力有明显的抑制作用,非离子型表面活性剂对凝乳活力具有明显的促进作用.多羟基化合物、β-巯基乙醇及乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)作为酶的修饰剂对酶活力具有不同的影响.     

2010年南方水稻黑条矮缩病应急防控试验探究

南方水稻黑条矮缩病是一种严重为害水稻生产的病毒病,目前没有十分有效的防控措施,特别是对已经大面积暴发成灾的本田期水稻。本研究在江西省萍乡市芦溪县麻田乡,针对整个田块已经发生病毒病的二晚移栽稻田,进行应急防控实验,探究不同药剂组合对南方水稻黑条矮缩病的防治效果。试验以杀虫剂、抗病毒剂、生长调节剂、免疫激活剂和生物肥料为材料,通过不同的组合和不同的施药次数,探讨不同处理的防治效果,试验发现不同的药剂组合对防治南方水稻黑条矮缩病的确存在不同的防治效果,最高防治效果可达46.75%。这些研究为下一步研究防治水稻病毒病应急防控措施奠定基础。     

大米的酸催化水解及焦糖化条件研究

在酸性条件下水解大米粉,其中的碳水化合物降解为分子量较小的还原糖,然后与碳酸铵反应,制备焦糖色素．实验结果表明最佳水解条件为：液固比等于4．5,盐酸用量为3．5%,反应温度为100℃左右,反应时间为3．5h水解产物中还原糖（以葡萄糖计）的量可以达到大米质量的82％焦糖化反应最佳条件为：碳酸铵用量占大米的10％,反应时间为3h,反应温度为100℃左右．制得的焦糖溶液可以分散到5％乙醇溶液、20％NaCl溶液、4％醋酸溶液、铂柠檬酸溶液、磷酸溶液和可口可乐饮料中．制得的焦糖溶液与1％单宁溶液作用会部分形成沉淀．     

Envisat ASAR在水稻识别中的应用

合成孔径雷达(SAR)具有全天时全天候工作的能力,是南方多云地区水稻识别监测的有利手段.该文利用目前世界上最先进的EnvisatASAR数据,在长乐市进行水稻提取.在常规预处理的基础上对多时相数据进行自动配准和主成分变换,并采用面向对象法进行水稻的提取,精度为89.1%.结果表明:利用多时相双极化ASAR数据进行水稻信息的提取在南方多云地区具有一定实用意义.     

Introduction of antisensewaxy gene into main parent lines ofindica hybrid rice

Amylose content in rice endosperm is one of the key determinants of rice eating and cooking quality, and the poor quality ofindica hybrid rice is closely related to the high amylose level in rice grains. In order to improve the grain quality of theindica hybrid rice by genetic engineering, an antisense fragment of ricewaxy gene, driven by the 5′-franking sequences of the ricewaxy gene, was successfully introduced into three major parent lines ofindica hybrid rice, all contain a high amylose level in the grains, viaAgrobacterium, and more than 100 hygromycinresistant plants were regenerated. The analysis of PCR amplification and Southern blots indicated that the T-DNA containing the antisensewaxy gene had been integrated into the genome of transgenic rice plants. Most of the primary transgenic rice plants grew normally, and the mature seeds from these transgenic plants were performed for analysis of the amylose content. The results showed that the amylose content in the endosperm of some grains was reduced and the lowest reached 7.02% in one homozygous transgenic line, 72.4% lower than that of the wild type. The influence of the altered amylose content on the gelatinization temperature and gel consistency was also observed in several homozygous transgenic rice plants. The two authors contributed equally to this work.     

水田氮素径流-侧渗-下渗流失特征模拟

基于水氮耦合平衡理论和田间实际观测,开发了一套既简单又综合的水田氮素流失特征模拟模型.模型模拟结果表明：氮转化速率常数经率定后能够准确表征水田尿素氮施入后在径流、侧渗和下渗等途径上的流失速率变化特征;同时由于氮素径流流失受自然环境干扰较大,其模拟准确度较低于下渗和侧渗.对黄斑土水田,在各个途径上单季累积模拟流失通量与田间观测结果较为吻合,误差均在20%以下,其中侧渗和下渗的误差小于10%.因此,可认为模型能对水田氮素多个途径的流失速率及通量进行有效模拟.     

观赏稻“白拂”和“绿叶红妆”的观赏特性

"白拂"是以"縞稻"作母本、"Labell"作父本进行人工杂交选育而成的叶绿色具白条纹、颖和长芒均为白色的观赏稻新品种;"绿叶红妆"是以"縞稻"作母本、"北谷4"作父本的杂交后代再与"C239"(父本)杂交,从其杂交后代中选育出来的叶绿色具白条纹、稻穗有芒且穗色由白渐变成粉红色的观赏稻新品种。     

胶印油墨流变特性研究

油墨的印刷适性与其流变学特性密切相关。利用流变学实验手段研究胶印红墨的粘度、触变性、粘弹性对油墨墨性的影响，从而得出了好油墨的共性指标。     

肯尼亚红碎茶与滇红工夫香气成分比较分析

采用固相微萃取(Solid Phase Microextraction,SPME)和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对五个肯尼亚红碎茶和我国的滇红工夫进行香气成分的比较分析.从六个茶样中一共检测出152种香气成分,其中1号茶样59种,2号茶样66种,3号茶样52种,4号茶样61种,5号茶样63种,滇红工夫58种.滇红工夫、1号、5号和3号茶样以醇类化合物的相对含量最高,分别占主要香气成分总量的60.71%,50.76%,47.33%和37.13%.2号和4号茶样以醛类化合物的相对含量最高,分别占42.52%和36.57%.参照Owuor香气指数(F1),1号、5号和滇红工夫茶样的F1值最高,其次是3号茶样,2号和4号茶样的F1值较低.F1值越高的红茶,其香型较好,这与实际茶叶审评中香气审评结果一致.