物质的芳香性

本文在论述了物质经典的芳香性理论的基础上，提出了一种非平面立体结构的物质的芳香性的判断方法。     

两步进气下吸式固定床气化系统的设计、调试和运行

开发了一套原料处理量为25 kg/h的两步进气下吸式固定床气化系统,并对两步进气直筒形（Stratified）下吸式固定床气化炉的炉型、结构和主体尺寸以及焦油检测系统进行了设计,对鼓风机、引风机、出炭螺旋等关键部件的参数进行了计算。气化炉整体高度为2683 mm,气化炉有效内径为350 mm,所需引风量和鼓风量都是60 m3/h。采用木片为原料,通过冷态实验和热态实验对气化系统进行验证,验证了该气化系统完全满足设计和实验需要。通过对比两步进气和一步进气实验结果,发现两步进气法可有效提升炉体温度,显著提高可燃气中可燃气体组分含量和热值,并有效降低可燃气中焦油含量。     

煤中掺混生物质混烧的热重分析及动力学特性

松木屑作为一种废弃的生物质资源,如能将其回收与煤粉掺混后作为锅炉燃料燃烧将具有重大的意义。利用热重分析仪研究了印尼煤与松木屑不同掺混比例(0%、15%、30%、45%、100%)对煤粉燃烧特性的影响,并计算出各掺混不同比例生物质下的动力学参数。结果表明:煤粉中掺混不同比例的松木屑燃烧后其着火温度提高,燃尽温度降低,综合燃烧特性指数降低;在掺混比例为15%时对煤的燃烧特性曲线影响不大,所以掺混15%的生物质是最合理的。随着生物质掺混比例的增加其活化能减少,频率因子降低,在掺混比例为15%时活化能最小,再增加比例后其活化能变化不大。不同掺混比例下反应活化能和频率因子之间存在动力学补偿效应。     

杉木幼林磷肥利用率的研究

在肥力中等、其它条件正常的酸性红黄壤上，对２年生杉木幼林进行不同磷肥品种（磷酸氢二铵、过磷酸钙、钙镁磷肥）、不同施肥方式（沟施和穴施）的施肥试验。试验进行７个处理、３次重复的随机区组设计。结果表明：施肥后两年内各处理林木胸径、树高、当年抽高等生长指标差异不显著，但总的生物量及叶生物量差异明显，尤其是沟施磷酸氢二铵能明显增加叶和林木总的生物量；施肥后两年内磷肥的利用率以沟施磷酸氢二铵最高（１２．４５     

两种类型钢摩擦副摩擦学特性的试验研究

在油介质中，对ＨＯ８Ａ－４５钢、Ｈ１Ｃｒ１９Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ－４５钢摩擦副的摩擦学特性进行了试验研究。结果表明。虽然Ｈ１ｃｒ１９Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ的硬度比Ｈ０８Ａ高，但其磨损率和摩擦系数却比Ｈ０８Ａ高，说明前者的耐磨性差。因此，仅以硬度作为材料的耐磨性的判据是欠全面的。     

二元赤铁矿粉粒度级配技术研究

以颗粒级配和紧密堆积理论为基础,优选不同粒度的赤铁矿粉为加重材料,按照不同比例二元复配加入到山东G级高抗硫油井水泥中,通过对水泥浆流变和强度性能的测定,研究了颗粒级配与高密度水泥浆性能的关系。研究结果表明,流变和强度性能好的配方,其级配曲线表现出两种形式,一种是颗粒较细,粒径全部在10um以下;另一种是在10um附近（5um~30um）出现明显的断层区,即该粒径范围的颗粒较缺失,而该粒径范围恰是水泥颗粒的主要分布区,与水泥颗粒形成连续级配,对强度和流变性更有利;流变性能较差的配方,超过70％颗粒的粒径大于10um,尤其是3um-10um的颗粒最为缺失。此结论可作为多元铁矿粉复配的参考。     

基于生态学理论的工业生态系统比较研究

本文从工业系统的生态性入手,与传统的生物生态系统做以比较分析。以物质循环和能量流动为重点,主要从相似性、相异性两个个方面比较分析了工业生态体系。对生态工业园建设及循环经济的开展有一定的参考价值和指导意义。     

Epistemic benefits of the material theory of induction

C. D. Broad famously labelled the problem of providing our inductive practices with a proper justification “the scandal of philosophy” (Broad, 1952). Recently, John Norton has provided a dissolution of this problem (2014). According to Norton, inductive inference is grounded in particular facts obtaining within particular domains (J. Norton, 2003b, 2010, 2014). Because the material theory does not involve a universal schema of induction, Norton claims it dissolves the problem of induction (which implies that such universal schemas cannot be justified).In this paper, I critically evaluate Norton's dissolution. In particular, I argue that the problem of induction is an epistemological problem, that Norton's material theory entails an externalist epistemology, and that it is a common feature of such epistemologies that they dissolve the problem of induction. The upshot is that the material theory is not unique in its ability to reap the specifically epistemic benefits of dissolving the problem of induction, and thus that the epistemic advantages of the material theory over extant alternatives in this regard are fewer than it may appear at first sight.     

The material theory of induction and the epistemology of thought experiments

John D. Norton is responsible for a number of influential views in contemporary philosophy of science. This paper will discuss two of them. The material theory of induction claims that inductive arguments are ultimately justified by their material features, not their formal features. Thus, while a deductive argument can be valid irrespective of the content of the propositions that make up the argument, an inductive argument about, say, apples, will be justified (or not) depending on facts about apples. The argument view of thought experiments claims that thought experiments are arguments, and that they function epistemically however arguments do. These two views have generated a great deal of discussion, although there hasn't been much written about their combination. I argue that despite some interesting harmonies, there is a serious tension between them. I consider several options for easing this tension, before suggesting a set of changes to the argument view that I take to be consistent with Norton's fundamental philosophical commitments, and which retain what seems intuitively correct about the argument view. These changes require that we move away from a unitary epistemology of thought experiments and towards a more pluralist position.     

水解胶原蛋白对枯草芽胞杆菌生长的影响

本文测定了不同氮源(水解胶原蛋白CH、蛋白胨、明胶、硝酸钠、氯化铵)对枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)生长的影响;考察了CH和玉米浆的不同配比对枯草芽胞杆菌生长的影响;研究以CH为氮源时,不同碳源对枯草芽胞杆菌生长的影响;考查CH对其它细菌发酵的影响.研究发现,在CH为氮源条件下,枯草芽胞杆菌的发酵过程可顺利进行,且微生物的生物量可保持在较高水平;同玉米浆相比,CH能使枯草芽胞杆菌达到较高的生物量;以CH为氮源时,淀粉比葡萄糖、蔗糖更有利于枯草芽胞杆菌的生长;除了枯草芽胞杆菌以外,大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli ATCC 15489)和地衣芽胞杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis CICC 20031)也能有效利用CH.这表明,在实验条件下水解胶原蛋白(CH)可以作为多种微生物发酵的氮源.