景观异质性与生物多样性关系探讨

生物多样性是人类生存和发展的基础，它决定着景观生态系统的稳定性和复杂性。景观异质性是生物多样性的前提，景观异质性有利于促进景观生态系统的能量流动和物质循环，减小扰动的传播，并是生态系统生物共生的基础。干扰影响景观异质性及生物多样性，人为的干扰使景观破碎严重，直接影响生物多样性保护，自然景观的科学管理是保护生物多样性的核心与保证。     

论科学解释的实用特征和生物学解释的语境相关性

科学解释具有实用特征(pragmatic aspect).这一特征与"科学解释的标准形式"相比,具有解释主体的相关性,即因解释主体的差异寻求多样化的解释形式.本文通过生物学解释的特征的分析,指出生物学解释具有因解释主体不同而形成的语境相关性,而这一特性决定了生物学解释与物理学解释的本质差异.     

基于青鳉鱼行为的在线生物监测系统及综合预警平台建设研究

为保障水源地水质安全,实现水质综合预警,为下一步污染处置留出"提前量",开展了符合毒理学规范的标准模式青鳉鱼的养殖驯化研究。研发了基于青鳉鱼行为的在线生物监测系统;将在线生物监测系统与17项常规理化监测仪器智能化集成,构建了基于生物毒性触发机制、多项理化参数同步监测的综合预警平台。着重介绍了指示鱼种青鳉鱼的标准化驯化养殖系统、基于青鳉鱼行为的生物监测系统和与常规理化参数相结合的综合预警平台。     

西南郊污水处理厂DE型氧化沟工艺设计探讨

本文以西安市西南郊污水处理厂二级生化处理的DE型氧化沟工艺设计为例,参照德国和国内现有的设计规范,对氧化沟系统的容积、需氧量、构筑物的水力计算及主要设备选型进行了详细分析与探讨,其结论可作为工程技术人员在设计污水厂时参考。     

美发剂对人体健康的影响

当今社会，美发已经成为了一种潮流，这其中染发剂、烫发剂功不可没．但是，不可否认的是，美发剂在满足人们爱美心理的同时，也在吞噬着人们的健康，它就象一个隐形杀手在威胁着人们的生命．本文主要阐述了染发剂、烫发剂的种类和化学成分，染发剂、烫发剂的作用机理及美发剂对人体健康的影响．     

Phytoseiidae from date palms in Israel with descriptions of two new taxa and a key to the species found on date palms worldwide (Acari: Mesostigmata)

The old world date mite Oligonychus afrasiaticus (McGregor) is an important spider mite pest of the date palms Phoenix dactylifera in most of North Africa and the Middle East. To identify potential predators of this key pest we monitored the phytoseiids in the date palm canopy and on the orchard floor for three consecutive years in the Southern Arava Valley of Israel. In this study we report on the phytoseiid species found. We describe two new species, Neoseiulus cozae and Typhlodromus shoshae, and redescribe seven species, Proprioseiopsis beatus, Neoseiulus marginatus, N. conterminus, N. rambami, N. bicaudus, Cydnoseius negevi and Typhlodromus athiasae, found on date palms or on the understorey Bermuda grass, Cynodon dactylon, gramineae in these orchards. A key to all species collected from date palm orchards worldwide is given. Proprioseiopsis beatus, N. marginatus and N. conterminus are recorded for the first time in Israel.     

关于当代生命科学研究对象的划界、分析与表征的讨论

本文讨论了当代生命科学研究对象的划界、分析与表征的问题,首先围绕三个分主题对国际生物学的历史、哲学和社会学研究协会(ISHPSSB)2011年双年会的相关报告进行介绍并评论:关于基因组学与后基因组学的本体论和认识论问题;关于自然选择理论的扩展性的研究;对于生物学个体性概念的讨论,然后介绍了作者在共生语境下对生物学个体概念的研究进展。文章指出,对同一对象的不同表征模式以及对同一概念的不同分析方式,体现了两种科学传统在当代生命科学中的冲突与交汇;系统生物学力图综合不同研究范式,整合不同生命组织的层次,对其独特的研究方法、概念体系进行分析和讨论,将是未来生物学哲学的热门研究课题。     

Character and OTU stability in five taxonomic groups

The character and OTU stability of classifications based on UPGMA clustering and maximum parsimony (MP) trees were compared for 5 datasets (families of angiosperms, families of orthopteroid insects, species of the fish genusIctalurus, genera of the salamander family Salamandridae, and genera of the frog family Myobatrachidae). Stability was investigated by taking different sized random subsamples of OTUs or characters, computing UPGMA clusters and an MP tree, and then comparing the resulting trees with those based on the entire dataset. Agreement was measured by two consensus indices, that of Colless, computed from strict consensus trees, and Stinebrickner's 0.5-consensus index. Tests of character stability generally showed a monotone decrease in agreement with the standard as smaller sets of characters are considered. The relative success of the two methods depended upon the dataset. Tests of OTU stability showed a monotone decrease in agreement for UPGMA as smaller sets of OTUs are considered. But for MP, agreement decreased and then increased again on the same scale. The apparent superiority of UPGMA relative to MP with respect to OTU stability depended upon the dataset. Considerations other than stability, such as computer efficiency or accuracy, will also determine the method of choice for classifications.     

Robust regression in biological assay: application to the evaluation of alternative experimental techniques

Summary Robust Huber type regression and testing of linear hypotheses are adapted to statistical analysis of parallel line and slope ratio assays. They are applied in the evaluation of results of several experiments carried out in order to compare and validate alternatives to animal experimentation based on embryo and cell cultures. Computational procedures necessary for the application of robust methods of analysis used the conversational statistical package ROBSYS. Special commands for the analysis of parallel line and slope ratio assays have been added to ROBSYS.