Effects of Ca on the distribution, structure and morphology of aluminum species in polyaluminum chloride

The flocculation efficiency of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is closely related to the distribution and structure of its AI species, and Al13 is the optimal species in PAC for flocculation. A series of PAC containing Ca was prepared by adding Ca before and after the basifying reaction. The effects of Ca on the Al species were studied by ^27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and atomic force microscope (AFM) techniques. The experimental results show that the introduction of Ca increases the content of Alm and Al13 in PAC and decreases their chemical shifts in NMR spectra due to the electric repulsion between the positive Ca species and AI species and the formation of AI-O-Ca complexes.With the rise of Ca/AI molar ratio, the AI species in PAC tend to scatter. It is observed that the formerly branch-aggregated clusters are tending to form granule-aggregated ones whose diameter gets smaller and smaller, and the floccule aggregates are formed at a higher Ca/Al molar ratio. The introduction of Ca to PAC, which increases the Al13 content, is certainly to enhance the flocculation efficiency of PAC in water treatment.     

多Agent协作环境下的任务分配

对多Agent协作环境下的任务分配机制进行了论述。在合同网的分配机制基础上,提出了一种基于合同网的改进机制———任务列表分配机制。该任务分配机制针对多Agent协作工作时面临的突发性事件,能有效地提高系统的实时处理能力和工作效率。以多机器人系统为例,应用任务列表分配机制,解决突发事件下多机器人任务的再次分配问题,满足了多机器人协调工作的实时性要求。实验和理论证明了其机制的优越性。     

JTIDS相对导航性能分析和仿真

介绍了JTIDS相对导航的原理,研究了相对导航卡尔曼滤波算法和导航的源选择算法。分析了JTIDS相对导航的误差源,在TDMA消息分发机制中,编写了JTIDS相对导航模块并且进行了仿真,仿真结果体现了几种导航误差源的特性,为发展集成通信和导航系统提供了参考。     

基于分数阶傅里叶变换的chirp信号时频分析

提出了一种新的基于分数阶傅里叶变换的伪维格纳分布(PWD),用于单分量或多分量chirp信号的分析。首先通过搜索二阶分数阶傅里叶变换矩的极值点,寻找最佳变换域,然后利用旋转的短时傅里叶变换,在分数阶傅里叶变换域中实现各分量chirp信号间的分离,以抑制交叉项及噪声项的干扰。在已知信号模型的前提下,还给出了分数阶傅里叶变换最佳旋转角度的经验计算公式,以辅助信号分析。仿真实验表明,通过对时频平面的旋转,所提出的方法能够在分数阶傅里叶变换域中,很好地抑制多分量信号间的交叉项干扰,更好地提取信号的时频信息。     

基于时频域特征和分层决策的通信信号调制识别

针对实际通信信号具有时变、非平稳的特性,将时频分布引入通信信号调制类型识别,提出了新的品质优良的时频域识别特征和使用时频域特征的分层决策分类器。即以基于Wigner Ville分布(WVD)的一阶时间矩特征和基于Margenau Hill分布(MHD)的局部时频域特征作为分类特征向量,通过特征向量与判决阈值的逐层比较以实现通信信号调制分类。仿真结果表明,该方法在低信噪比下的识别性能明显优于基于单纯的时域特征或频域特征的传统方法。     

分配制度的重大改革--生产要素按贡献参与分配

生产要素按贡献参与分配，这是分配制度的重大改革。生产要素按贡献参与分配是现代经济的客观要求。生产要素按贡献参与分配是一个十分复杂而又全新的课题。必须建立行之有效的具体分配形式。     

深层高温高压凝析气井压力分布的简便算法

在流体相平衡理论基础上,综合考虑压力、温度的相互影响及动能变化的影响,同时将流体偏差系数考虑为压力和温度的函数,建立了新的凝析气井井筒压力分布计算模型.计算时将井筒分成若干段,在每段中进行迭代求解.新的压力计算模型与常用的平均温度和平均偏差系数计算方法的实例对比表明,新计算模型具有较高的精度,可用于深度超过4000 m的高温高压凝析气井井筒压力分布计算.     

聚合物不可入孔隙体积影响因素研究

采用双段塞法分析了部分水解聚丙烯酰胺 (HPAM)的相对分子质量、岩心孔隙分布、温度及矿化度对聚合物的不可入孔隙体积 (VIP)的影响规律。分析结果表明 ,VIP随HPAM的相对分子质量的增大而增大 ;VIP随着岩心平均孔隙半径增大、温度升高、矿化度增加而减小。在不断变化的地层条件下 ,HPAM的VIP可能出现高值的现象 ,这将严重影响聚合物驱的波及系数 ,从而使聚合物驱的原油采收率降低。     

Velocity Distribution of Slurry in Horizontal Pipe When Solid Particles Sliding

Based on the laws of momentum conservation and impulse in accelerating process, the distribution on speed of ununiform slurry flow in a horizontal pipe was studied. According to the momentum change of solid particles and conveying liquid of slurry flow during accelerating, and some effect factors, the relationship between the speed of solid particles and the speed of conveying liquid was obtained.When dealing with the friction between sliding solid particles and pipe, it is pivotal to reasonably distribute component of friction to each solid particle. The friction coefficient between solid particles was obtained by forces analysis and theoretic calculation, and can be used to calculate the friction force on every solid particle. The effect of friction on speed of ever), solid particle was investigated through the impulse law. The result is more accurate than that by using uniform friction on solid particles. It is completely new method to use above theory to get solid particles speed distribution, conveying liquid speed distribution and slurry speed distribution.     

淮河沉积物总磷和重金属沿程变化及污染评价

为了探究淮河沉积物中污染物的分布规律、来源及污染程度,于2014年7月沿淮河中下游设置16个采样断面,现场采样并检测沉积物中总磷(TP)质量比和重金属(As、Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn)的质量比,分析沉积物中污染物的沿程分布及来源并对污染状况进行评价。研究结果表明,淮河中下游沿程各城市下游断面沉积物中污染物平均含量比上游断面高;污染物来源分析表明,所有污染物均受到点源污染的影响,其中TP和Cu受到点源污染和面源污染的共同影响;单因子标准指数法对沉积物磷污染评价结果表明,淮河干流沉积物环境质量受磷的污染相对较轻;对重金属潜在生态危害程度分析表明,无论是单个重金属的生态危害程度还是综合生态危害程度都为轻微。