试探“堆尼玛”和“敖包”的起源

文章通过部分文献资料和实物资料分析“玛尼堆”和“敖包”的起源。笔者认为有关这两种不同文“化象征”的起源涉及远古的中原文化、印度文化、蒙族文化以及藏族文化。藏传佛教在蒙古地区的兴起标志“着血祭敖包”的结束,也标志“着敖包”“和玛尼堆”的另外一种相互包容关系的发展。因此,从某种意义上讲“,敖包”和“玛尼堆”是千古传诵蒙藏民族深深友谊的一种象征与标志。     

嘉庆时期藏兵赴台湾始末探析

嘉庆年间,蔡牵称王台湾,官军屡战屡败,东南海疆危急。嘉庆帝不得不从内陆各地调兵遣将赴台平乱。藏兵因有赴台平定林爽文事变之先例,再次被调遣赴台。藏兵在已陆续开赴台湾过程中,因台湾战事形势逆转,行动也因此终止。但这一行动再次验证了藏兵在清朝军事行动中的重要地位。     

Carbon isotopic records in paleosols over the Pliocene in Northern China: Implication on vegetation development and Tibetan uplift

Carbon isotopic composition of pedogenic carbonate can be used to estimate the proportion of C₄ and C₃ plants. Here we present carbon isotopic data of carbonate in a red earth section at Xifeng, central Loess Plateau. Results show that C₄ vegetation increased in ∼4.4 Ma B.P., stabilized between 4.0 and 3.0 Ma B.P. The character and timing of C₄ expansion on the Loess Plateau are similar, but different with other localities, e.g. Pakistan and Africa, implying that regional climate changes were main factors driving the expansion of C₄ plants. This event is comparable in timing with increased aridity evidenced by Xifeng grain size and North Pacific eolian dust records. Therefore we argue that the Pliocene expansion of C₄ plants in northern China might have been caused by the increased aridity, which in turn might be related to rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.     

甘南藏族自治州畜牧业产业化发展构想

甘南藏族自治州天然饲草丰富,畜种繁杂,特色突出。在分析畜牧业现状和机遇的基础上,提出了甘南州畜牧资源产业化开发体系构想和产业化经营的对策建议。     

Elemental composition of aerosols collected in the glacier area on Nyainqêntanglha Range, Tibetan Plateau, during summer monsoon season

In order to investigate the elemental composition in atmospheric aerosols and its sources in the glacier area over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), seven totally suspended particle samples were collected continuously at the col of the Zhadang glacier (30°28′N,90°39′E,5800 m a.s.l.), Nyainqêntanglha Range, southern TP, from June to October 2006. Twenty-seven elements (Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Cd, Cs, Ba, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U) were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The result indicates that the concentrations of most elements (especially crustal elements) are lower than values at the Nam Co Station during the same period of 2005, and also much lower than other sites in the TP such as Wudaoliang and Waliguan. This suggests that elemental compositions of aerosols in the Zhadang glacier area may represent the background levels of the middle/upper troposphere over the TP. Crustal enrichment factors (EFs) reveal that several elements (e.g. B, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Bi) may have anthropogenic sources. The southern TP is mainly influenced by the summer Indian monsoon during the sampling period. Backward air mass trajectory analysis suggests that air masses in the region may originate from South Asia. Therefore, anthropogenic pollutants from South Asia may be transported by the summer Indian monsoon to the region which clearly affects the atmospheric environment in the southern TP during the summer monsoon season.     

网络环境下西藏地区藏文信息资源共享可行性研究的意义

藏文信息资源是祖国民族文化宝库中独具特色的一颗璀灿明珠。自古以来藏文就是藏民族文化传承的主要载体。但是,目前西藏地区大多数藏文信息服务机构由于观念、体制、法律、技术、人才、设备、资金、服务等因素制约,不能适应网络环境下用户信息服务的迫切需求,严重阻碍着藏文信息资源的可持续利用与发展。藏文信息资源正面临着能否顺利跨入信息时代的严峻考验,鉴于这种状况,文章从社会学和理论图书馆学两个角度,对网络环境下西藏地区藏文信息资源共享可行性研究的意义进行阐述。     

略述清朝时期的西藏社会体育活动

文章探讨了清朝时期的西藏社会体育活动,认为清朝中央政府在加强对西藏地方的治理和促进当地的经济、政治、文化、教育发展的过程中,在全社会掀起习武练功热潮,极大地促进了西藏民族传统体育的发展和社会体育活动的开展。     

Water isotope variations in the snow pack and summer precipitation at July 1 Glacier, Qilian Mountains in northwest China

This paper presents the stable isotope data of the snow pack and summer precipitation collected at the July 1 Glacier, Qilian Mountains in northwest China and analyses their relationships with meteorologi- cal factors. On an event scale, there is no temperature effect on the δ 18O values in the summer pre- cipitation, whereas the amount effect is shown to be clear. By tracing the moisture transport history and comparing the precipitation with its isotopic composition, it is shown that this amount effect not only reflects the change in moisture trajectory, which is related to the monsoon activities, but is also associated with the cooling degree of vapor in the cloud, the evaporation of falling raindrops and the isotopic exchange between the falling drops and the atmospheric vapor. As very little precipitation occurs in winter, the snow pack profile mainly represents the precipitation in the other three seasons. There are low precipitation δ 18O ratios in summer and high ratios in spring and autumn. The Meteoric Water Line (MLW) for the summer precipitation is δ D = 7.6 δ 18O 13.3, which is similar to that at Delingha, located in the south rim of the Qilian Mountains. The MWL for the snow pack is δ D = 10.4 δ 18O 41.4, showing a large slope and intercept. The deuterium excess (d) of the snow pack is positively correlated with δ 18O, indicating that both d and δ 18O decrease from spring to summer and increase from early autumn to early spring. This then results in the high slope and intercept of the MWL. Sea- sonal fluctuations of d in the snow pack indicate the change of moisture source and trajectory. During spring and autumn, the moisture originates from continental recycling or rapid evaporation over rela- tively warm water bodies like Black, Caspian and Aral Seas when the dry westerly air masses pass over them, hence very high d values in precipitation are formed. During summer, the monsoon is responsi- ble for the low d values. This indicates that the monsoon can reach the western part of the Qilian Mountains.     

藏族传统歌舞——访藏族著名艺术家雪康·索朗达杰教授(之一)

雪康·索朗达杰教授是原中国民族音乐家协会理事,西藏音乐家协会副会长,西藏大学艺术学院教授。1922年,他生于西藏首府拉萨,从小接触藏族传统音乐,并受过专门的训练。青少年时候的他不仅能歌善舞,还能弹奏各种藏族传统乐器,在藏族音乐理论研究方面有其独到建树。文章根据2004年3月西藏电视台藏语版《七色风》栏目就藏族传统音乐、舞蹈问题对雪康.索朗达杰教授进行采访的录像实况摘编,主要对藏族堆谐、朗玛、森白果子、道歌等歌舞的起源、特征等问题进行探讨。读到这篇文章的时候,教授离开我们已一年有余。我们在纪念雪康教授的同时,希望这一篇访谈也能给读者一点启迪。     

Environmental changes reflected by n-alkanes of lake core in Nam Co on the Tibetan Plateau since 8.4 kaB.P.

The n-alkanes are extracted from NMLC-1 core that was drilled in the Nam Co, central Tibet. They are measured by using Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) for componential and quantitative analyses. According to the constructed depth-age model, the component and concentration of n-alkanes, together with total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and carbonate are used to elu- cidate palaeoenvironmental changes of Nam Co during the past 8.4 ka. The results indicate that Holo- cene environment performs three stages in the lake area. In the stage of 8.4―6.7 kaB.P., it was warmer while precipitation slightly increased. This stage was ended by an obvious cold/dry event. During 6.7― 5.8 kaB.P., temperature increased rapidly and reached its maximum values at about 6.0 kaB.P. The environments were warm/wet optimum for the blooming of terrestrial plants and submerged aquatic plants. After that, temperature decreased continuously and showed the lowest values at about 3.0 kaB.P. From 2.9 kaB.P. to the present, temperature rose again but alternated with cold and warm. The lake area tended to be dry after 1.4 kaB.P. During 600―400 aB.P., the environmental feature was the reflection of "Little Ice Age".