半无限规划在新产品开发中的应用

本提出一种新产品开发计划的定量分析方法。该方法将所有产品分为四种具有不同收益曲线与参数的产品类型。具体产品的经济特性确定其曲线参数。在产品量化描述的基础上,给出一种利用0－1线性半无限规划（0－1LSIP）制订新产品开发计划的数学模型方法。     

The range of life in amber: significance and implications in DNA studies

A survey of the major fossiliferous amber deposits is provided, including ages and various categories of life forms reported from each. The frequence of occurrence of the major groups of plants and animals in these amber deposits is also given. Thus far, DNA from four insect and one plant species has been extracted from amber fossils. In the case of the stingless bee in Dominican amber, evidence of reproducibility is provided, since two independent laboratories isolated DNA from six or more different specimens of the same insect.Amber sources for DNA studies are listed together with their advantages and disadvantages. The important points are the availability of desired pieces, the proper identification of the fossil, verification of the amber deposit, the cost involved, and the feasibility of causing damage to the specimen. The availability of several types of amber (Mexican, Dominican, Baltic, Chinese, Canadian, Siberian and Lebanese) at four major sources (academic collections, commercial dealers, private collections and amber mines) is discussed. The scientific implications of obtaining DNA from amber inclusions are presented.     

堵申甫与弘一大师

研究弘一大师的护法堵申甫及其与弘一大师的交游 ,须先考证堵申甫的生平、弘一大师致堵申甫信的时间和地点。类似的考证工作 ,既可以探得此二位先贤的友情 ,亦可从中窥探近现代文化史中名人交往的若干景观     

生命科学文献检索方法

生命科学工作者需要花费大量的时间查阅文献 ,选择合适的检索工具和检索方式有事半功倍的效果 .本文介绍了有关生命科学的主要检索工具及检索方式 .指出光盘检索等以计算机为主体的检索方式将是获取信息的主要手段     

生命的颂歌

<生命的颂歌>是19世纪美国著名诗人朗费罗的名篇,以其音韵优美,抒情细腻,情绪明朗而广为传播.     

世纪末“新写实”的转变——论《贫嘴张大民的幸福生活》中的“崇高”意识

20世纪80年代中期出现的“新写实”小说解构了革命现实主义文学提倡的“崇高”,而刘恒创作于90年代末的“新写实”小说《贫嘴张大民的幸福生活》却一反这一路数,着力张扬了小市民与命运抗争的宝贵精神,使小说充满了崇高的意味。     

穿越时空的生死恋歌--简论小说《我在天堂等你》

裘山山著《我在天堂等你》一书以五十年前一群进藏女兵所经历的悲欢离合、酸甜苦辣的生命历程，展示了她们对理想、事业的执著追求和饱经岁月沧桑的情感经历。文章以白雪梅的生命、情感历程剖析为主，分析了小说中新老三代西藏军人在理想、事业、爱情观念上的巨大差异，揭示老一辈西藏军人的美好心灵和丰富的内心世界。     

一类最优更新策略的研究

当系统元件受到很多独立因素影响时,本文以矿井提升系统中的铜丝绳为例,利用可靠性理论,给出它的可靠性评估及安全系数的计算,并利用更新极限定理,在其寿命为正态分布的情况下,通过一个近似方程,得到了最佳更换策略。为制订合理的维修更换制度提供了理论依据。     

黑格尔、生命体和物种概念——兼论黑格尔自然哲学中的规范性问题

随着对黑格尔自然哲学的不断研究,其物种概念受到学者越来越多的关注。不同类型的生命统一体在其类属过程中形成了物种概念,也奠定了对物种缺陷进行规范性探讨的框架。通过把物种缺陷划分为作为需求的缺陷和作为伤害的缺陷,黑格尔区分了不同的环境影响在物种生存过程中不同作用。在此基础上,借助于自然规范和精神规范的对比,可以更好地凸显黑格尔哲学中自然和精神之间的本质区别。     

On the borderline between Science and Philosophy: A debate on determinism in France around 1880

In the second half of the nineteenth century, a new interest in explosive chemical reactions, sudden release of energy in living beings, physical instabilities, and bifurcations in the solutions of differential equations drew the attention of some scholars. New concepts like triggering actions and guiding principles also emerged. Mathematicians, physicists, physiologists, and philosophers were attracted by this kind of phenomena since they raised a question about the actual existence of a strict determinism in science. In 1878 the mathematical physicist Joseph Boussinesq pointed out a structural analogy among physical instabilities, some essential features of living beings, and singular solutions of differential equations. These developments revived long-lasting philosophical debates on the problematic link between deterministic physical laws and free will. We find in Boussinesq an original and almost isolated attempt to merge mathematical, physical, biological, and philosophical issues into a complex intellectual framework. In the last decades, some philosophers of science rediscovered the connection between physical instabilities and determinism, both in the context of chaos theory, and in the debates on the Norton dome. I put forward a consistent historical reconstruction of the main issues and characters involved.