The design of Three Gorges Hydropower Station

Using physical model and numerical simulation techniques,some technical problems were studied systematically,including layout of power station,measures of sediment and floating debris discharging,types of intake,embedded types of spiral case,layout of underground powerhouse tunnel group and block reinforcement.It was optimal in technique and economy with the arrangement of powerhouse at the dam-toe of both banks +underground powerhouse in the right bank,as well as the intake with a single and small orifice.The sediment and debris problems could be solved with disperse sediment ejection and floating debris discharging holes.With the adoption of techniques for spiral cases such as heat and pressure preservation,cushion layer and combined embedding,the stable operation of generating units can be guaranteed.The arrangement of tailrace tunnel with sloping ceiling was better than that of tailrace surge tank.The technical requirements related to the embedding type of spiral case were proposed.The reinforcement of huge unfavorable blocks was discussed and the new idea for block reinforcement using anti-sliding piles and normal compressive stress of structural plane was put forward.     

潞矿实现路企直通运输的可行性方案研究

本文对山西潞安矿业集团实施路企直通运输这一运输组织方式进行了探索。阐述了实施路企直通运输在深入挖掘潜力、全面提高货运组织规模化和集约化、实现路企双赢等方面的重要意义。     

Design of Unballasted Track Bridges on Beijing-Tianjin Intercity railway

Beijing-Tianjin intercity railway is the first newly-built passenger dedicated line with operating speed of 350 km/h in our country. During design,new ideas of bridge construction were carried out to ensure the requirements of safety,comfort and stability of the train under high-speed condition. At the same time,concepts of environmental adaptability,service to transportation and comprehensive benefits were observed. On the whole line,long-bridge schemes were adopted and the most advanced technologies of unballasted track were utilized on bridges,the length of which accounts for 87.7 % of the total line. The success of design and construction of the bridges on this rail has accumulated valuable experience for high-speed railway construction on a large scale in the future,and made it a marking,demonstrating,and model project to follow.     

南非足球世界杯决赛阶段失球特征之解析

运用录像观察法和逻辑分析法,对2010年足球世界杯决赛阶段的失球情况进行了统计与分析.结果表明:失球的战术原因主要是保护协防失误,技术原因主要是盯人不紧.由于传、接、运球被抢断和犯规而丧失控球权是导致本方失球的两个主要因素.     

三亚海洋环境试验站硅藻污损群落初探

【目的】探明海洋工程材料在热带海洋环境试验站硅藻污损群落的组成变化,为研究该海域材料腐蚀、生物污损以及生物多样性提供参考。【方法】取4种材料进行全浸腐蚀试验,定期取出试片冷藏客运到青岛,用次氯酸钠法制成永久封片,在带有微分干涉显微镜下记数,并使用PRIMER 6对硅藻Shannon多样性指数、Pielou’s均匀度指数和Simpson优势度进行计算。【结果】检出污损硅藻16目24科30属61种,其中双眉藻属、菱形藻属和舟形藻属为优势类群;物种多样性指数随时间而增加;热浸锌表面硅藻群落结构变化与其他3种材料有所不同。【结论】在南海热带近岸,材料表面性质对其表面附着的污损硅藻群落有一定影响,其中锌离子的影响较为明显。     

南黄海表层沉积物中生源要素的分布规律及其环境意义

【目的】研究南黄海表层沉积物中生源要素的分布规律及其影响因素。【方法】通过测定南黄海82个站位表层沉积物样品中生源要素的含量及表层沉积物的平均粒径,分析研究区表层沉积物中生源要素和沉积物粒径的分布特征,并从表层沉积物中有机质来源、沉积物粒度、水动力作用和环境等因素探讨其对生源要素分布的影响。【结果】南黄海表层沉积物中生源要素总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)及总磷(TP)的含量与平均粒径存在显著的相关关系,近岸沉积物粒度较大,对应生源要素的含量较低,在南黄海中部海区的沉积物粒度较细,各生源要素的含量较高。【结论】表层沉积物的粒度是影响生源要素含量分布的主要因素,即粒度越细,表层沉积物中生源要素含量越高。同时,有机质来源和水动力作用在一定程度上也影响和控制着表层沉积物粒度及生源要素的分布。生源要素TP分别与TOC、TN之间相对较弱的相关关系和近岸河口等地生源要素的高值表明,可能存在其他外部环境因素也会对其含量造成影响。     

北京市平原区地下水开采量反演的数值模拟方法

准确获取地下水开采量统计数据是进行水资源管理的基础,但是由于诸多人为因素,北京平原区调查统计得到的开采量数据与实际产生的开采量有出入.本文提出了地下水开采量反演的地下水数值模拟方法.为获取更接近实际的地下水开采量,基于有限元数值模拟软件FEFLOW,建立了北京市平原区(不包括延庆盆地)地下水流数值模型,依据各行政区开采量对平均水位的灵敏度系数,利用2012-2014年111孔地下水监测井的月动态数据,通过拟合模拟水位和实测水位,采用人工试错法对各区的开采量数据进行反演校正.反演后得到北京市平原区2012-2014年总开采量分别为23.16亿、21.77亿和23.44亿m3.反演后各单孔模拟和实测地下水位拟合较好,模型能较为真实地反映北京平原区地下水动态.以顺义区为典型,利用模型分析了区域地下水位与地下水开采量的关系.模拟结果可为北京市分区县地 下水管理考核工作提供决策支持.      

韩国知识产权政策体系初探

韩国知识产权政策体系以韩国国家知识产权战略为纲,由国家知识产权委员会整体推进,注重顶层设计、法律体系完备、政策贴近需求,部门配合到位,将知识产权战略、法律、政策、措施与经济、产业、金融政策融合,运用知识产权助推韩国经济社会的发展,并加强对创新主体和市场主体、特别是中小企业的创新成果保护。全面了解韩国知识产权政策体系、法律法规与政策措施,与我国的相关规定与做法进行比较和分析,有助于增进认识、互相借鉴,也有利于我国知识产权政策的完善。     

Changes in sea surface temperature in western South China Sea over the past 450 ka

Sea surface temperature over the past 450 ka was obtained by the unsaturation of molecular fossil-long chain alkenone with a resolution of about 1 ka from the western South China Sea. This is the longest temperature profile in the South China Sea at such high resolution. The U37^κ-SST results revealed similar glacial-interglacial cycles as the δ^18O profile of planktonic foraminifera, with SST variability of 23-25.5℃ for glacial and 25-28℃ for interglacial periods. The highest SST （28.4℃） was recorded at MIS5.5 and lowest SST （22.6℃） during MIS2. The SST record preceded the planktonic foraminiferal δ^18O on five glacial-interglacial transitions. Comparison of temperature records from the Southern and Northern Hemispheres indicated a more Southern Hemisphere-like pattern for the temperature variation in the SCS. Strong precession and semiprecession signals in the spectra of our SST record manifest the tropical phenomena.     

Pulleniatina Minimum Event during the last deglaciation in the southern South China Sea

The planktonic foraminiferal faunal census of core MD 05-2894 （7°2.25′N, 111°33.11′E, water depth 1982 m）, retrieved from the southern South China Sea （SCS） during the ＂Marco Polo＂ cruise in 2005, was performed to investigate the abundance changes of a subsurface dweller, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata. The results display that the abundance of P. obliquiloculata nearly declines to zero during 16.0--14.9 ka, corresponding to the Heinrich 1 （H1） cold interval. The unexpected decrease of P. obliquiloculata occurs in the adjacent cores, roughly between 17 and 14.8 ka based on the previous studies. Accordingly, the Pulleniatina Minimum Event in the last deglaciation can serve as a good stratigraphical indicator, at least in the southern SCS. To further explore the changes of sea surface temperature （SST） and subsurface seawater temperature （SSST）, we made parallel Mg/Ca measurements on surface dweller Globigerinoides tuber and subsurface dweller P. obliquiloculata tests. Since the last deglaciation, the SSTs show a continuous increasing trend towards the late Holocene, while the warming of the subsurface water is punctuated by a 2℃-cooling interval across the deglacial Pulleniatina Minimum Event. Both increased 5180 differences between G. ruber and P. obliquiloculata, and increased temperature differences between surface and subsurface water suggest a shoaling of the mixed layer during the deglacial Pulleniatina Minimum Event. Therefore, we consider that the significant changes in the upper ocean structure are responsible for the Pulleniatina Minimum Event during the last deglaciation in the southern SCS.