声学探测技术在海底管道外检测中的应用

在海底管道的外检测过程中,为明确海底管道的真实赋存状态,常使用工程物探和潜水摸探对其进行调查,其中声学探测技术的应用最为广泛。本文以SONIC 2024多波束测深系统、SES 2000参量阵浅地层剖面系统、KLEIN 3000侧扫声呐系统为例,系统介绍传统声学探测技术在北部湾某单点系泊(SPM)海底输油管道外检测中的应用。在此基础上,结合扫描声呐、合成孔径声呐等声学探测技术,探讨各类声学探测技术的优劣性及适用条件,指出海管外检测技术的发展方向。多种声学探测技术的综合运用是准确评价海底管道状态的基础,海底管道外探测方案的选择应综合考虑海域条件、设备优缺点、作业载体、工作成本等因素。海管外检测技术向着设备集成化、检测精细化、识别智能化的方向发展。     

北部湾玉足海参和花刺参骨片结构与营养成分研究

为明确玉足海参（Holothuria leucospilota）和花刺参（Stichopus variegatus）的骨片结构及营养成分,本研究利用扫描电子显微镜观察玉足海参和花刺参的骨片,采用国家标准测定其营养成分。结果表明,玉足海参的骨片类型为桌形体、扣形体、穿孔板体,花刺参的骨片类型为桌形体、花纹样体、C形体。营养测定结果显示,玉足海参与花刺参含量最多的成分是水,分别为93.83%和96.63%,差异显著（P<0.05）。干物质中,粗蛋白质含量分别为52.90%、53.10%,灰分含量分别为36.80%、35.47%,均不存在显著性差异（P>0.05）;粗脂肪含量分别为1.15%、0.89%,存在显著性差异（P<0.05）;盐分含量分别为15.32%、23.16%,还原糖含量分别为0.63%、0.76%,总糖含量分别为1.74%、1.14%,存在极显著性差异（P<0.01）。本研究的结果丰富了玉足海参和花刺参基础生物学资料,同时营养分析结果表明2种海参均为高蛋白低脂的优质食品,有很高的经济价值,可以对其进一步开发利用。     

北部湾夏、冬两季异养细菌的水平分布特征及其影响因子

于2006年7月15日-8月7日和2006年12月25日-2007年1月22日对北部湾夏、冬两季水体中异养细菌丰度进行调查,探讨环境网子对异养细菌丰度的影响.结果表明,北部湾夏、冬两季异养细菌平均丰度分别是8.00×103和3.85× 102 mL-1.夏季北部湾北部海域表、中、底3个水层异养细菌丰度均显著高于中部和南部海域(p＜0.05),而冬季北部海域表层水体反而成为异养细菌丰度的低值区(p＜0.05),中层和底层水体中异养细菌丰度分布差异不大.随着离岸距离的增加,夏季水体中异养细菌丰度呈现逐步降低的趋势,而冬季这种趋势不明显.活性硅酸盐(SiO3 -Si)和叶绿素a(Chl a)浓度是影响北部湾夏、冬季异养细菌丰度水平分布的关键环境因子.除此之外,冬季水体中异养细菌的丰度还与温度、盐度和溶解氧(DO)显著相关.     

美国陆军在海湾战争中开展电子战的情况及启示

 介绍了参加海湾战争的美国陆军电子战部队、装备及所开展的行动,分析了海湾战争对美国陆军电子战所产生的影响;提出中国应准确认识电子战在现代陆军作战中的作用,在电子战能力建设中应坚持实战导向,大力推进电子战装备小型、灵巧、升空、开放化建设。     

The paleoclimate environment and recent sea level change on the seashores of Thailand Gulf in Southeast Asia

This paper analyzed and researched on several significant natural geological sections from the views of stratum-sequence stratigraphy, climate stratigraphy, event stratigraphy and regional stratigraphy by the investigation of Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore. In combination with the coupling relationship between the life-temperature of regional life zone and the evolution of geological environment, this paper exactly made out the geological sediment records of paleoclimate times in different time scales of 3 kaBP, 1 kaBP and 0.5 kaBP since the past glacier age of Quaternary period, and it is consecutive and authentic for the material medium and time joint. These studies definitely reflected that the sea level of Thailand Gulf area is in tendency of continually dropping in recent years. They also provided important and new information for the global change analysis.     

北部湾入海径流研究展望

北部湾属于大陆架上的一个浅海湾,入海河流众多。每年夏季汛期,流入北部湾的入海径流形成的冲淡水在湾内构成独特的夏季型水文分布特征,给海湾生态环境和动力环境带来巨大影响。然而,北部湾入海径流对广西海域生态系统影响的研究至今仍未引起关注。2015-2017年,课题组针对风对北部湾入海径流扩散的影响展开研究,揭示了一些现象和特征,但对入海径流复杂影响的认识还远远不够,且目前的研究也仅限于广西近海,范围十分有限,得出的结论其代表性显然不足。所以,鉴于北部湾特殊的地理位置,可借助数值模型计算结合具有针对性的观测数据的研究方法,将广西近海与北部湾全海湾联合在一起,深入研究越南红河入海径流与中国广西沿岸入海径流联合作用对北部湾北部生态系统环境的影响,找出影响北部湾北部海域海洋初级生产力高值区形成,以及广西沿海高浓度氮、磷营养水体来源的主要原因,为广西近海良好生态系统的建立提供科学依据。这既是今后广西入海径流研究的方向,更是急需开展研究的新课题。     

北部湾海洋微生物物种多样性与化学多样性研究进展

北部湾海域是我国生物多样性最丰富的海域之一,为人类发展提供了大量的生物资源。北部湾还蕴含着极丰富的微生物资源,是新物种、新基因、新药物、新生物材料的潜在来源。为更全面地了解北部湾海洋微生物的研究现状,促进北部湾海洋微生物资源的研究和开发利用,本文综述了北部湾海洋微生物的物种多样性和代谢产物活性成分多样性,为深入研究北部湾海洋微生物,开发和利用北部湾海洋微生物资源提供参考。     

Surface pollen distribution patterns in Beibu Gulf and corresponding sediment dynamics environment

The Beibu Gulf is a semi-enclosed gulf in the northwest of the South China Sea.We palynologically analyzed 306 surface sediment samples from the eastern Beibu Gulf to improve bioclimatic interpretation of fossil pollen records there.Surface pollen assemblages could be classified into five pollen regions based on the distributions of total,arboreal,herbaceous and fern pollen concentrations.Four high-concentration and three low-concentration subregions could be distinguished within these regions.The distribution patterns of surface pollen assemblages were consistent with those of grain sizes of surface sediments.Sediments from regions with high pollen concentrations were very fine and fine silts (>7.0,<0.008 mm),whereas those with low pollen concentrations were fine sand (<3.5,>0.088 mm).Sedimentary heterogeneity of surface pollen assemblages was closely related to pollen source,transportation and sedimentation controlled by ocean currents,tides and waves,and oceanic bottom topography.Fern spores exhibited higher percentages along the east margins of the region,while arboreal types like Pinus increased in concentration towards the center.Herbaceous pollen appeared in high percentages around seacoasts near their source areas.Dacrydium and mangrove pollen were distributed near their source regions at low percentages.We discuss the sediment dynamic environments in the eastern Beibu Gulf based on surface pollen distributions.The estuary region is an important access to the sea basin and a depositional site for terrestrial pollen grains.Coastal regions can accumulate pollen due to the back-and-forth movements of tides there.Although ocean currents on a gulf scale tend to spread pollen grains,the interaction of multiple currents could lead to pollen accumulation and deposition.Low surface pollen concentrations in the northeast shallow-water regions of the eastern Beibu Gulf could be attributed to repeated washing and sediment floatation caused by severe wave activities during the summer.Strong tides in Qiongzhou Strait frequently wash the seabed and disadvantage pollen deposition,leading to low surface pollen concentrations there.     

山江海地域系统关键带综合分类研究——以桂西南喀斯特区-北部湾海岸带为例

为满足自然资源发展规划的需求,本文基于山江海视角,以桂西南喀斯特区-北部湾海岸带为研究对象,采用地貌类型、地质类型、土壤类型、植被类型和土地利用要素构建了山江海地域系统关键带三级分类方案,运用空间叠置法对分类要素进行叠加和制图综合分析,并进行山江海地域系统关键带区划分类、制图和环境因子分析研究。结果表明,可将桂西南喀斯特区-北部湾海岸带划分为38个一级单元、78个二级单元、111个三级单元。一级关键带分类中海拔山地-非碳酸盐岩区占据面积最大,为19.10%;二级分类中海拔山地-非碳酸盐岩区-红壤性土占据面积最大,为13.98%;三级分类中低海拔丘陵-非碳酸盐岩区-复盐基红黏土-针叶林-河渠占据面积最大,为15.21%。研究结果表明,本文所提出的关键带综合分类方案可体现区域特征中的差异和驱动因素,因此可为自然资源地表系统规划提供理论基础,同时可为国内外相关研究提供参考依据。     

The biomarkers of 2,6,10,15, 19-pentamethylicosenes and their carbon isotopic composition in the sediments from the Gulf of Mexico

The methanogenic archaea and sulfate reduction bacteria are flourishing in the sediments associated with gas venting and gas hydrate settings on the sea floor, where the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) me-diated by these bacteria is the dominant path…