Molecular pathogenesis of apolipoprotein E-mediated amyloidosis in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) ɛ4 allele is a genetic risk factor for late-onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the central nervous system, apoE is secreted mainly by astrocytes as a constituent of high-density lipoproteins. A recent study using apoE knockout mice provided strong evidence that apoE promotes cerebral deposition of amyloid β protein (Aβ). However, no clear explanation of the pathogenesis of apoE-induced AD has been provided. Here we discuss two possible mechanisms by which apoE might enhance Aβ deposition. One is the intracellular pathway in which apoE is internalized by neurons and induces lysosomal accumulation of Aβ and amyloidogenic APP (amyloid precursor protein) fragments, leading to neuronal death. The other is the extracellular pathway in which apoE-containing lipoproteins are trapped by Aβ1–42 deposits mobilizing soluble Aβ peptides and consequently enlarge amyloid plaques. These two mechanisms may operate at different stages of AD pathogenesis and suggest a chaperone-like function for the apoE molecule. Received 4 February 1999; received after revision 9 April 1999; accepted 23 April 1999     

对体育教学中科学地运用激励手段的探讨

体育教学中运用激励手段，一方面会提高学生的学习兴趣；另一方面会提高教学效果，但关键的是教师对激励手段时机及方法的适时运用和把握。     

我校体育教育专业开设人类遗传学课程状况调查

文章通过文献资料、问卷调查等方法对新疆师范大学体育教育专业四级学生进行了人类遗传学课程开设情况的调查,了解学生对此课程的学习和认识情况,以促进人类遗传学课程的建设和发展。     

Analysis of components of conserved “backbone sequences”among genomes of Shigella spp. strains

Difference in the genomic compositions of prokaryotes is the basis of the diversity in their biological characters. However, besides their flora-or strain-specific genes,those floras with closer relationship in the evolution also have conserved “backbone sequences”, which reveal the marks of their origin and evolution, and these “backbone sequences”are just the basis of their elementary living abilities and common biological properties. Shigella is very closely related to E. coli in the origin and evolution, and may turn out to belong to the same genus. In this study, a microarray containing E. coli K-12 whole genome and Sf301 specific ORFs is used to investigate the genomic components of four Shigella strains. The results indicate that 16%-22% K-12 ORFs sequences are not detected in the genome of Shigella strains while the genome of Shigella contains at least 2800 conserved ORFs, which compose the common “backbone sequences”.Advanced analysis indicated that the “backbone sequences”are the essential components in maintaining the normal physiological activities of intestinal bacteria. Furthermore,only 20% Sf301-specific ORFs exist in other strains simultaneously, which demonstrate the great genome heterogeneity and the genetic diversity among the strains.     

"分层"教学模式在高校体育教学俱乐部中的应用研究

目前高校体育教学俱乐部中人数较多,学生素质存在明显的个体差异,分层教学能够体现因 材施教,区别对待的教学原则,可以有效地提高学生的锻炼兴趣、发展个性、培养特长和增强体育意识。 有利于优化课堂教学及提高教学效益。     

我国高等体育师范教育若干问题的探析

为探讨高师如何培养适应素质教育之要求的教师,运用资料文献法、走访调查等方法,在论述高等师范教育之“师范性”的涵义和分析我国现阶段高师体育专业教育中存在的问题的基础上,提出培养适应素质教育要求之教师的若干构思;加强师范生的职业道德素质与教育理念的培养;课程改革和建设应调整专业课程结构和内容,重视未来教师体育科学教学能力的培养;实现师范性与学术性在更高水平上整合。     

高师体育教学中学生创新能力的培养

面向21世纪的核心问题是培养和造就富有创新精神和创新能力的高素质人才,作为师范教育组成部分的高师体育,要以“健康第一”的思想为先导,在教师素质提高的同时,建立以重视体育与健康教育相结合,注重培养学生体育能力及学生个性发展的教学内容和方法,为培养出健康的高素质创新型人才,全面实现素质教育创造条件。