荷载属于H^—1情况下双参数板元的误差估计

有限元求解板弯曲问题一般是在荷载ｆ∈Ｌ２条件下讨论的，但真解ｕ∈Ｈ３情况下的匹配情况是ｆ∈Ｈ－１，本文给出双参数板元求解此种问题的离散模式和误差估计式。     

夹层板壳静力分析的有限单元法

在文（１）的基础上，构造了１６－２０结点夹层板壳单元。该单元考虑了层合结构的横向剪切效应，较等效单层理论和分层理论的精度高，且大大减少了结点自由度数目，提高了计算效率。由于结点自由度只有线位移，该单元易与三维实体单元连接，对厚板壳也有很强的适应性，特别适合于实际工程中层合结构的计算。     

Inheritance of the delayed gland morphogenesis trait in Australian wild species ofGossypium

Five Australian wild cotton species with the delayed gland morphogenesis trait, as well as G. arboreum, G. davidsonii and four different gland genotypes of G. hirsutum, Gl₂Gl₂Gl₃Gl₃, Gl₂Gl₂gl₃gl₃, gl₂gl₂Gl₃Gl₃, and gl₂gl₂gl₃gl₃, were used in this experiment and 10 interspecific hybrids were obtained by the crossing among them. According to the gland expression on the seeds and plants of the interspecific hybrids, the inheritance of the delayed gland morphogenesis trait of Australian wild cotton species was opened out as follows: (ⅰ) the inheritance of the delayed gland morphogenesis trait was almost the same among the 5 Australian wild cotton species, and the gene or genes which controlled this trait may be located in the same loci. (ⅱ) The glandless seed trait of the Australian wild cotton species was dominant over the glanded seed trait of G. arboreum, a genome A species, and the seeds of interspecific hybrid F₁ between them were glandless. However, it was recessive over the glanded character of genome D species, G.davidsonii, and their F₁ was a typical glanded one. (ⅲ) The glandless seed trait of the Australian wild cotton species was recessive or incomplete dominant over the glanded cotton but dominant over the glandless cotton of G. hirsutum, and the glandless genes (gl₂gl₂gl₃gl₃) of upland cotton had great weakening effect on the glanded plant trait of the Australian wild cotton species on the other hand. For the two main glanded genes of upland cotton, the delayed gland morphogenesis trait of the Australian wild cotton species was dominant epistatic over glandless genes, gl₂gl₂gl₃gl₃, and one of the glanded genes, Gl₂Gl₂, but was recessive epistatic over the other glanded gene, Gl₃Gl₃. Therefore, it is much convenient to use Gl₂Gl₂gl₃gl₃ as the upland cotton parent in the interspecific hybridization and backcrossing afterward, in order to produce the upland cotton germplasm with glandless seeds and glanded plant trait.     

Rehabilitating theory: refusal of the ‘bottom-up’ construction of scientific phenomena

In this paper I inquire into Bogen and Woodward’s (1988) data/phenomena distinction, which in a similar way to Cartwright’s construal of the model of superconductivity (1995)—although in a different domain—argues for a ‘bottom-up’ construction of phenomena from data without the involvement of theory. I criticise Bogen and Woodward’s account by analysing their melting point of lead example in depth, which is usually cited in the literature to illustrate the data/phenomenon distinction. Yet, the main focus of this paper lies on Matthias Kaiser’s (1995) case study of the plate tectonic revolution, the most extensive case study that has been put forth to support the bottom-up construction of phenomena. On the basis of new historical evidence, which has been overlooked not only by Kaiser but also by the entire historical literature on the plate tectonic revolution, I demonstrate that phenomena are not constructed from the bottom-up but rather, admittedly counter-intuitively, from the top-down.     

小型海水源热泵空调系统的设计

设计制作了一台海水源热泵空调系统,该系统以海水作为热源。制作设计采用功率为1 100 W定速压缩机,考虑到海水的腐蚀性,海水端换热器选用不锈钢材质的板式换热器。对设计的系统进行实验,结果表明:系统的能量/热量转换效率(coefficient of performence,COP)和制冷性能系数(energy efficiemy ratio,EER)分别为4.159和4.412,比空气源的热泵空调系统(等功率)的COP和EER分别提高26%和33.6%,并且本系统无结霜现象,不会产生城市的热岛现象。     

子弹旋转对平板高速撞击损伤的影响

子弹在作战状态下往往伴随着高速的旋转,为了研究子弹的旋转对平板高速撞击响应的影响,构建了旋转子弹侵彻平板的计算模型,根据相关实验结果确定了合理的材料参数,研究了子弹在不同转速、不同入射速度下侵彻不同厚度平板的撞击响应差异性。研究结果表明,在保证子弹的入射速度相同的前提下,不同转速的旋转子弹撞击较薄平板的变形模式差异性比撞击较厚平板的变形模式差异性大;子弹的旋转速度越高,其侵彻后的剩余速度越大,但子弹撞击平板的撞击载荷受子弹转速的影响却不明显;在不考虑温度的情况下,子弹以相同速度撞击平板时,能量耗散量基本不随子弹转速变化。     

任意载荷下圆板环基本解的新求法

本文根据Fourier级数表达的圆板控制方程在形式上满足轴对称的条件,导出受任意载荷下的圆薄板的环基本解,方法简便。     

横观各向同性层合板理论编程实现与验证

板式构件因其自身特殊的几何形状,进行结构分析时,通常采用比实体单元效率更高的板(壳)单元。基于MATLAB编程,对刨花板材料构成的板式结构进行了有限元数值分析与静力荷载试验。首先,将横观各向同性材料本构方程应用于板式构件,得到了以刨花板为代表的三层结构复合材料层合板的力学性能本构关系。其次,介绍了基于Kirchhoff薄板及Mindlin-Reissner中厚板理论的离散Kirchhoff三角形(discrete Kirchhoff triangle, DKT)、离散Kirchhoff四边形(discrete Kirchhoff quadrilateral, DKQ)、离散剪切三角形(discrete shear triangle, DST)单元和离散剪切四边形(discrete shear quadrangle, DSQ)板有限单元的构造方法,并验证了各个板单元有限元数值解与理论精确解的收敛性能;通过将板构件在空间内组装,说明了材料参数及节点自由度在单元局部坐标系与空间整体坐标系间的转换方法。最后,通过对比板结构静力试验测量值与有限元模型数值解,分析了不同板单元对有限元计算结果的影响...