Two new genera of the family Pilumnidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Queensland,Australia

Two new genera of Pilumnidae each with a single new species are described from southeastern Queensland waters. Priapipilumnus is defined by the greatly swollen base and simple blunt apex of the male first pleopod and the concomitant posteriorly protruding, bilobed, third abdominal segment. Takedana is separable by the very short spinous anterolateral margins, the swollen branchial regions, the moderately short walking legs, and the strongly spined chelae. Actumnus pugilator is reassigned to Bathypilumnus Ng and Tan, 1984.     

A revision of Monocotyle Taschenberg, 1878 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) with descriptions of three new species from Australia

Monocotyle is revised and three new species are proposed. Monocotyle corali sp. nov. is described from the gills of the cowtail ray, Pastinachus sephen (Forsskål) (Dasyatididae), and is distinguished from other members of Monocotyle by the large hamuli with a distinct tail on the guard and by the male copulatory organ with three loops and a wing-like accessory piece at the distal end. Monocotyle jordani sp. nov. from the gills of the southern eagle ray, Myliobatis australis Macleay (Myliobatididae), is differentiated by the male copulatory organ with a large, unique accessory piece. Monocotyle youngi sp. nov., from the gills of Himantura fai Jordan and Seale (Dasyatididae), has marginal haptoral papillae armed with 12 to 15 sclerites, a male copulatory organ with 20 loops and a unique accessory piece at the distal end. Monocotyle trygoni (Venkatanarsaiah and Kulkarni, 1980) Timofeeva, 1985 is synonymized with M. spirophallus Tripathi, 1959 and M. spirophallus is redescribed fully. There are now 16 valid species of Monocotyle and a key to species is presented. Additional data and illustrations of important taxonomic characters are provided. The developmental sequence of the male copulatory organ of M. spiremae Measures, Beverley-Burton and Williams, 1990 from juvenile to adult is described. The anterior glands and the type of secretion they contain are also documented for several species of Monocotyle.     

Taxonomic observations on the genera Xenocheira Haswell and Ericthonius Milne Edwards (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Australian coastal waters

The type-species of the genus Xenocheira Haswell, X. fasciata Haswell, is redescribed (including the true male) from Tasmanian material. Pirlot's putative male X. fasciata from Indonesia is allocated to a new species, X. pirloti nom. nov. and K. H. Barnard's ‘X. fasciata’ from the Great Barrier Reef referred to Grandidierella gilesi Chilton. Another Xenocheira species from Western Australia is identified tentatively as X.? seurati Chevreux. Two new species of Ericthonius Milne Edwards are described, one from Tasmania (E. tacitus sp. nov.) and one from Western Australia (E. coxacanthus sp. nov.). The first record of E. pugnax Dana from mainland Australia is claimed for material from Western Australia. The taxonomic relationships of these species are evaluated and discussed.     

Another inordinate fondness†: diversity of the tanaidacean fauna of Australia,with description of three new taxa

The shallow-water tanaidacean fauna of the Bass Strait has been the subject of recent intensive studies. The present paper extends this work into the deeper waters of the region, describing two new species and one new genus. The new species of the genus Paradoxapseudes has a combination of three maxillule palp setae, no plumose setae on the basis of pereopod 1 nor proximal serration on the antennal peduncle. The second species represents a new genus of the family Anarthruridae, having six marginal setae on the third maxilliped palp article and spines on the merus and carpus of the anterior pereopods. The high diversity of Tanaidacea in Australian waters is discussed. In particular, we conclude that Australian coasts suffer a diversity of immigration routes, have sufficient marine longevity, and afford such a diversity of available niches to have allowed multiple colonization and subsequent allopatric speciation of Tanaidacea. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EE309A5A-E06D-416F-95BD-4C8D0D2BEB97     

New and little‐known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea,Tunicata) from Australia (Part 3)

The majority of the 58 species discussed, including 10 new species, were collected by scuba divers at 5–10?m in waters around Australia. Species are from Leptoclinides (11), Polysyncraton (11), Didemnum (19), Trididemnum (7), Lissoclinum (8), Clitella (1), and Diplosoma (1), and new species are in all except Trididemnum and Diplosoma. Additional characters (including a pyloric vesicle reported previously in the Holozoidae and several unrelated didemnid taxa) have been detected for the monotypic genus Clitella Kott, , which is recorded for only the second time. A review of known Australian ascidian species confirms the Didemnidae as the most speciose ascidian family in these waters. In this family, there appears not to be appreciable gene flow between tropical and temperate waters and few species have a continuous tropical–temperate range. A preponderance of Western Pacific non‐indigenous species is in the north, while indigenous species, some probably isolated from related tropical ones, are dominant in the temperate waters of the southern half of the continent. Although intraspecific variation and convergence obscures species differences, some aspects of the living organisms detected in in situ photographs contribute to identification. Keys to Australian didemnid species described since the publication of the Australian Ascidiacea part 4, Didemnidae (Kott ) are included.     

II.—A synoptic revision of the Tanyrrhynchinæ (Curculionidæ)

This paper describes two new earthworm species, Iridodrilus codonothecoformis sp. n. and Iridodrilus condylopapillaris sp. n. and illustrates the major diagnostic features of, and the differences between, Iridodrilus roseus Beddard, 1897 and Heliodrilus lagosensis Beddard, 1890. Hitherto unnoticed features of I. roseus are also illustrated, namely that it possesses a bursa copulatrix and that two pairs of very tiny penial setae in sacs occasionally occur which penetrate the bursa copulatrix. It is also demonstrated that the structures hitherto regarded as a ‘coelomic duct’ that supposedly links the two fertilization chambers is in fact a pair of ovarian ducts that lead from the paired ovaries to the chambers; these ducts are not interlinked. It is further argued that neither Iridodrilus roseus nor Heliodrilus lagosensis can be regarded as having a spermathecal system that is paired internally. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the taxonomy of the two named genera. It is recommended that Iridodrilus and Heliodrilus be regarded as valid genera s.s. Beddard, though with modified diagnoses.     

澳大利亚多元文化政策的形成与影响评析

70年代初，澳大利亚政府开始采取多元文化政策来处理民族文化多样性问题，到80年代末将其确立为基本国策。多元文化政策的实施有利于澳大利亚经济的发展，社会稳定和国际交往。     

国外研究中国革命史的历史考察——澳大利亚部分

澳大利亚的中国革命史研究始于本世纪７０年代，目前尚处于起步阶段。在２０多年中发展较快，出版了一些有价值的专著，研究范围基本深入到中国革命史的各个时期，并尤为关注当代中国问题。有关中国革命史的研究较集中在晚清、辛亥革命、中国共产主义运动、民族资产阶级、抗日战争等，特别是在毛泽东思想研究方面取得了为世人所瞩目的成果。     

The genus Nematoplana Meixner, 1938 (Platyhelminthes: Unguiphora) in eastern Australia

Six new species of Nematoplana are described from eastern Australia. They are distinguished on the basis of the morphology of sclerotized structures, chromosome number and morphology, and pigmentation. Six further unguiphorid species were only found immature, and cannot be formally described. They none the less have distinct morphological and/or karyological features. The Unguiphora as a whole, and the genus Nematoplana in particular, are species-rich in eastern Australia. The high diversity of the group appears due both to narrow-range endemics, and to the narrow ecological niche of many of the species.