铀钛合金破片侵彻特性的实验研究

为研究铀钛破片的冲击侵彻特性,基于弹道驱动试验平台,测试了钛质量分数为0.5%~1.0%的5种典型钛合金破片对10 mmA3钢板的侵彻性能,获得了5种不同质量分数钛的铀钛合金破片对钢靶板侵彻前后的速度、质量、动能变化数据. 实验结果表明,铀钛合金破片侵彻钢靶时发出明亮火光,靶板的破坏形式以冲塞为主,并伴随有延性扩孔现象. 此外,钛质量分数为0.9%的破片动能损失最小,钛质量分数为0.75%的破片对靶板造成的剪切破坏最大.     

（Nd,Pr,Ce）-Fe-B 磁体的组织与磁学性能

为开发低成本烧结钕铁硼磁体,用30% Ce 替代(Nd0.75Pr0.25)32.69Fe66.25B1.06磁体中的 Nd 和 Pr,研究了磁体在烧结及回火过程中的组织结构和磁学性能变化.结果表明,取向压坯在1030～1080℃烧结2 h 后,随烧结温度升高,磁学性能下降,烧结温度为1030℃时综合磁学性能均最好.烧结态 Ce 替代磁体的综合磁学性能优于未替代磁体.一级回火后,相组成和晶粒尺寸基本不变,边界结构也未发生明显变化,磁体性能基本不变,或有少量下降.二级回火后,晶界明显改善,获得较清晰且平直的晶界,磁体矫顽力均得到大幅提高. Ce 替代磁体的剩磁、矫顽力和磁能积均稍低于未替代磁体.     

Modeling the hot working behavior of near-α tita nium alloy IMI 834

The hot working behavior of near-a titanium alloy IMI 834 with a duplex starting microstructure was studied using the technique of processing map.The processing map was interpreted in terms of the microstrucmral processes occurring during deformation,based on the values of dimensionless parameter η which represents the energy dissipation through microstructural processes.An instability criterion（ξ<0） was also applied to demarcate the flow instability regions in the processing map.Both the parameters（η and ξ） were computed using the experimental data generated by carrying out hot compression tests over a range of temperatures（850-1060℃） and strain rates(3×10^-4-1/s).The deterministic domains observed under the investigated temperature and strain rate conditions were attributed to continuous dynamic recrystallization or globularisation of a lamellae,dynamic recrystallization and growth of β grains through microstructural observations.An unified strain compensated constitutive equation was established to describe the hot working behavior of the material in the selected temperature-strain rate range.The established constitutive equation was validated using standard statistical parameters such as correlation coefficient and average absolute relative error.     

预测多元合金形成焓的三组元作用模型

研究了合金中的二元子系中的两组元的性质受到子系外组元的影响而引起形成焓的改变.模拟发现子系中组元的电负性和电子密度的改变与其和子系外组元电负性之和成比例,计算中可将此影响等效到对组元体积的影响,当子系外有多个组元时,其电负性的作用可等效到一个组元.对三元系合金形成焓的计算结果表明:考虑三个组元作用可大大提高预测的精度,结果与实验符合较好,优于几何模型预测结果.提出的合金形成焓建模的思路对于研究多元系合金的热力学性质也具有实际意义.     

Effect of heat treatment on hydrogen storage properties and thermal stability of V68Ti20Cr12 alloy

Effect of heat treatment on the crystal structure, microstructure, hydrogen storage properties and thermal stability of V68Ti20Cr12 alloy prepared by arc-melting was studied in this work. It was found that both the as-cast and annealed (973 K/72 h) V68Ti20Cr12 alloys consisted of a single body-centered cubic (bcc) phase. After heat treatment, the hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetic characteristics of the as-cast alloy was improved greatly due to the homogeneous composition and perfect structure. The mechanism of hydrogen absorption/desorption process in the as-cast and annealed alloys was further investigated according to the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) equation. The hydrogen absorption process of the as-cast and annealed alloys would be controlled by the one-dimensional diffusion process, while the hydrogen desorption process in the as-cast and annealed alloys was dominated by the geometrical contraction model. The pressure-composition-temperature (PCT) measurements show that the plateau pressure of the annealed alloy becomes comparatively flat. Furthermore, the activation energies of the dehydrogenation in the as-cast and annealed alloys were calculated using the Kissinger method, indicating that heat treatment is a very beneficial way to improve hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics of the alloy.     

铁基非晶合金耐腐蚀性能研究进展

铁基非晶合金的耐腐蚀性能对其在功能及结构材料领域的应用具有重要的工程意义。本文总结了微合金化元素添加、结构弛豫、纳米晶化、自由体积等对铁基非晶耐腐蚀性能的影响,对近年来铁基非晶耐腐蚀性能及其机理的研究进展进行了简要的介绍。     

MgZnCa合金的组织结构和力学性能分析

通过铜模吸铸法制备直径为3mm的Mg-Zn-Ca三元共晶合金,按成分比例配制的合金分别为Mg72Zn15Ca13、Mg62Zn36Ca2、Mg14Zn22Ca64和Mg26Zn48Ca26.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)、微机控制电子式万能试验机和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对MgZnCa合金的组织结构、力学性能和断口形貌进行研究.结果表明:Mg72Zn15Ca13、Mg14Zn22Ca64和Mg26Zn48Ca26合金形成非晶相和晶体相共存的复合材料,Mg62Zn36Ca2形成纯晶体;其中强度最高、塑性最好的是Mg14Zn22Ca64,其强度和塑性应变分别为548MPa和0.9%;对于该合金系,强度随结晶度降低而升高;压缩断口形貌显示,Mg72Zn15Ca13、Mg62Zn36Ca2、Mg14Zn22Ca64和Mg26Zn48Ca26合金均为脆性断裂.     

约束条件下铜合金加热时的塑性变形及变形功

固态焊接加热过程中,受约束焊件因胀大变形不能进行而产生等效塑性压缩变形(EPCD)。本文以H62和QCr0.5铜合金为研究对象,对EPCD及相应的变形功进行了试验研究。结果表明:等效塑性应变ε和变形功W的大小主要与加热温度θ和预压应力σ0有关,σ0一定时,ε随θ升高而增大,其中H62黄铜当θ<550℃和θ>700℃时,ε随θ升高而线性增大,θ在550～700℃之间时,ε的增幅减小;QCr0.5铬青铜的ε随θ升高线性增大,但增幅较H62小;θ一定时,两种铜合金的ε均随σ0增加而近似线性增大;两种铜合金的W随θ的升高而减小,随σ0的增大而增大,且H62的增幅明显大于QCr1.5;当σ0和θ一定时,W随ε的增加呈指数关系增大。     

Hf、Zr添加对TiNi合金Ms点影响的电子结构分析

通过构建TiNi合金的团簇模型，利用离散变分法从电子层次研究了Hf、Zr添加对TiNi合金马氏体转变温度的影响．计算结果表明：少量Hf、Zr原子引入提高了母相单胞最强键的键级，并且随着Hf、Zr添加量的增加，其母相最强键的键级增大．同时，母相单胞(110)面的电荷密度也示出了其键的变化情况．少量Hf、Zr添加对TiNi合金马氏体转变温度的影响还可通过(110)面费米能级处的态密度大小来反映．     

Dy对NdFeB永磁合金各向异性的影响

对名义成分为Nd12.3-xDyxFe79.7Nb0.8Zr0.8Cu0.4B6(x=0,0.5,1.5,2.5)的预合金进行长时间高温退火,将其破碎,取向并粘结.分别沿取向方向和垂直于取向方向测量其磁化曲线.将两曲线延长至相交,交点对应的磁场视为材料的磁晶各向异性场.结果表明:随着Dy含量的增加,合金各向异性场(HA)呈线性增加.当Dy的原子分数为2.5%时,合金各向异性场达到7536 kA·m-1;平均每增加1%Dy,各向异性场提高值为200～300 kA·m-1.