压铸铝合金表面强化新技术的研究与应用

将等离子体增强的电化学表面陶瓷化（PECC技术）工艺应用在压铸铝合金表面强化处理上，使其表面生成a－Al2O3和γ－Al2O3相的陶瓷膜，该膜在耐腐蚀、散热、电绝缘等性能方面均优于特富隆技术涂层。该处理工艺简单，可在常温下进行，具有很高的推广应用价值。     

时效时间对Al-Cu-Mn铸造合金物相组织的影响

Al-Cu-Mn铝合金在固溶处理后的时效过程中,可能有GP区、θ″、θ'和θ相等4种脱溶物相、二次T相、晶界及晶界析出相等。这些析出物相由于尺寸、分布及与基体的共格关系不同,其强化机制和效果有所不同。本研究拟以时效时间为变化参数,研究其对Al-Cu-Mn合金强度和塑性的影响,在此基础上分析该合金微观物相结构对宏观性能的影响。     

Solid solution or amorphous phase formation in TiZr-based ternary to quinternary multi-principal-element films

TiZr-based multicomponent metallic films composed of 3–5 constituents with almost equal atomic concentrations were prepared by cosputtering of pure metallic targets in an Ar atmosphere.X-ray diffraction was employed to determine phase composition,crystalline structure,lattice parameters,texture and crystallite size of the deposited films.The deposited films exhibited only solid solution(fcc,bcc or hcp) or amorphous phases,no intermetallic components being detected.It was found that the hcp structure was stabilized by the presence of Hf or Y,bcc by Nb or Al and fcc by Cu.For the investigated films,the atomic size difference,mixing enthalpy,mixing entropy,Gibbs free energy of mixing and the electronegativity difference for solid solution and amorphous phases were calculated based on Miedema’s approach of the regular solution model.It was shown that the atomic size difference and the ratio between the Gibbs free energies of mixing of the solid solution and amorphous phases were the most significant parameters controlling the film crystallinity.     

先进高强韧Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金凝固和均匀化组织及相构成

采用热力学计算与实验相结合的方法,研究了两种高强韧Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金铸态及均匀化态的显微组织和相构成.铸态A合金主要由Mg(Zn,Al,Cu)2相和少量Al2Cu相组成,而铸态B合金仅含Mg(Zn,Al,Cu)2相.热力学计算显示,A和B两种合金的实际凝固过程介于Lever Rule和Scheil Model两种模拟结果之间,由于合金成分不同而导致的铸态A和B合金中各相含量差异与Scheil Model模拟所得到的各相摩尔分数变化规律基本一致.经常规工业均匀化处理(460℃保温24 h),铸态A和B合金中存在的Mg(Zn,Al,Cu)2或Al2Cu相均能充分回溶,并得到单相α(Al)基体,这与热力学计算所得到的AlZn-Mg-Cu四元系统在7.5%Zn条件下460℃等温相图相符合.     

InGaN/GaN多量子阱太阳电池的光电性能研究

对利用In含量为0.3的In Ga N/Ga N多量子阱制作的In Ga N太阳电池的结构和光电性能进行了研究,该太阳电池的In Ga N/Ga N多量子阱结构在一定程度上减轻了In N和Ga N相分离现象.研究结果显示,In Ga N/Ga N多量子阱结构的太阳电池,在单色光波长大于420 nm的工作条件下的光电性能有明显的改善.利用In Ga N/Ga N多量子阱结构制作的In Ga N太阳电池,其开路电压约为2.0 V,填充因子约为60%,在波长420 nm时,外量子效率为40%,但在波长450 nm时,却只有10%.     

中合金铬钼渗氮轴承钢旋转弯曲疲劳性能研究

为了研究化学热处理对大型轴承疲劳性能的影响规律,对中合金铬钼轴承钢进行离子渗氮处理和旋转弯曲疲劳(RBF)试验。以双真空熔炼(VIM+VAR)的中合金铬钼轴承钢作为实验材料,分析经调质处理(930℃+550℃)后的组织和经离子渗氮后的相组成,分析经过旋转弯曲疲劳试验后断口形貌及裂纹萌生机理,构建表面缺陷与疲劳断裂机理之间的关系。实验结果表明:实验钢经过调质处理后组织为回火索氏体,主要析出M2C型和M3C型碳化物;渗氮后渗氮层中化合物层主要由CrN和Fe4N(γ′相)组成,厚度约为16μm,其不利于基体的疲劳性能提升;实验钢渗氮后的RBF极限为947MPa,较未渗氮试样旋转弯曲疲劳极限提升19.4%;渗氮层中化合物层始裂及非金属夹杂物始裂为主要的两种起裂方式,化合物层和表层粗糙度对渗氮后实验钢的疲劳寿命影响较大。研究结果可为提高中合金铬钼轴承钢的疲劳性能提供实验及理论依据。     

Al含量对AZ系镁合金燃点的影响

为了考察AZ系镁合金中不同Al含量对其初始熔化温度、燃点以及热解起燃时所处状态的影响,对镁合金初始熔化温度及燃点进行测试, 采用FESEM扫描电镜对实验镁合金组织及燃烧前合金表面形貌进行观察,采用XRD对合金进行物相分析.结果表明,AZ系镁合金中Al含量较低时对燃点的影响表现为,随Al含量的增加低温熔点相β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂生成并逐渐增多,引起合金初始熔化温度的下降,降低了合金的燃点.同时,纯Mg及AZ31镁合金是在固态下起燃的;AZ61和AZ80镁合金是在半固态下起燃的,但AZ80的固相率更低.此外,Al含量的增加有利于合金起燃前表面膜的连续性与完整性,减缓合金燃点降低.     

Fatigue small crack growth threshold determination of a high-Nb TiAl alloy at different temperatures by in-situ observation

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the fatigue crack growth threshold of a high-Nb TiAl alloy at the different temperatures based on scanning electron microscopy （SEM） in-situ observation. The results indicated that the fatigue crack growth threshold △Kth of a nearly lamellar high-Nb TiAl alloy with 8% Nb content at room temperature and 750℃ was determined as 12.89 MPa.m^1/2 and 8.69 MPa.m^1/2, respectively. The effect of the elevated temperature on the fatigue crack growth threshold cannot be ignored. At the same time, the early stage of fatigue crack propagation exhibited multicrack initiation and bridge-link behavior.     

Self-supported amorphous nanoporous nickel-cobalt phosphide catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction

Hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) through electrocatalysis using cost-efficient and long-term stable bimetallic phosphide as electrocatalyst holds a great promise for sustainable clean energy technologies. In this study, self-supported nanoporous Ni-Co-P(np-Ni-Co-P) catalyst with amorphous structure was synthesized by utilizing a facile electrochemical dealloying strategy. The results showed that due to the nanoporous structure, disorder atomic arrangement and alloying effect, the np-Ni-Co-P exhibited outstanding electrocatalytic performance for HER with low overpotential of 114 m V at a current density of 10 mA cm~2, small Tafel slope(57.3 mV dec~(-1)) and good long-term durability in 1 M KOH. The synergetic effect of Ni and Co elements improves the intrinsic activity of the active sites. This research provides a direction for the exploration of bimetallic phosphides toward HER in the water splitting process.     

Effect of Mn content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6Li–4Zn-xMn alloys

The as-cast Mg–6Li–4Zn-xMn alloys were prepared and extruded at 280 ​°C with an extrusion ratio of 25:1. The effects of Mn content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6Li–4Zn-xMn alloys were investigated in this study. The XRD results show that Mg–6Li–4Zn–xMn alloys consisted of α-Mg (hcp) ​+ ​β-Li (bcc) duplex structured matrix, MgLi₂Zn and Mn phases. The grains of the extruded Mg–6Li–4Zn–xMn alloys were refined by dynamic recrystallization during the extrusion process. The EBSD results show that the extruded alloys had basal textures. The grain size of the extruded alloys decreased while the basal texture was strengthened with the increasing Mn addition. The TEM results show that a large amount of nanoscale Mn precipitates existed in the extruded Mg–6Li–4Zn–1.2Mn alloy, which can effectively inhibit the dynamic recrystallized (DRXed) grains growth during the hot extrusion and is beneficial to the improvement of mechanical properties. Mg–6Li–4Zn–1.2Mn alloy in this research possesses the best mechanical properties with the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of 321 ​MPa, 250 ​MPa, respectively.