贵州龙宫喀斯特地貌发育与洞穴成因

龙宫水系主要由东、西两支组成，两支流之间在一年中又根据季节不同而通过地表溢流或地下伏流相串通。挽近以来由于新构造强烈抬升、河流强烈下切，喀斯特地貌回春发育，由北而南呈现峰林溶原→峰林谷地（盆地）→峰丛谷地（洼地）的系列更替。龙宫地区洞穴成因及发育与地下河系变迁密切相关，上层洞呈潜流型水平穿洞的特点；中下层洞往往相连，洞顶钟乳石发育、底部为现代地下河床，追踪构造薄弱带垂向下蚀，具有明显的裂隙洞特征     

Fossil Orangutan-like hominoid teeth from Late Pleistocene human site of Mulanshan cave in Chongzuo of Guangxi and implications on taxonomy and evolution of orangutan

Fossil records indicate orangutan-like hominoids have been widely distributed in south China during Pleistocene, although currently only surviving in the tropical forests of Kalimantan and Sumatra in Indonesia. This paper describes the recently discovered hominoid fossil teeth from human site of Mulanshan cave in Chongzuo of Guangxi, whose geological age is the Late Pleistocene, about 11000 yeas age based on associated mammal fauna and U-series dating. Compared with those of modern and subfossil orangutans from Indonesia, other fossil great apes from China, the hominoid teeth from Mulanshan cave are orangutan-like, but show somehow different from Indonesia＇s orangutans, the average sizes of cheek teeth larger and occlusal enamel wrinkles less and simpler. They are classified temporarily as the subspecies of Pongo pygmaeus weidenreichi. Concerning the variations of morphological features and dental sizes of orangutan-like teeth from southern China and neighboring northern Vietnam, different subspecies or species or genus possibly, but the key evidence is necessary to be identified.     

Evidence of fire use of late Pleistocene humans from the Huanglong Cave, Hubei Province, China

Since 2004, three excavations have been carried out at a late Pleistocene human fossil site of Huanglong Cave in Yunxi County, Hubei Province of China, which unearthed seven human teeth, dozens of stone tools, mammal fossils and other evidence indicating human activities. During the third excavation in 2006, in the same layer as the human teeth, we found some patches of black materials embedded in the deposit. We doubted that this black deposit layer is the remains of burning or even human use of fire at the cave. To further explore the possibility of human fire use at the Huanglong Cave, we examined samples directly taken from the black deposit layer and compared them with samples taken from several places in the cave using three methods: micromorphology, element content determination and deposit temperature analysis. Our results indicate that the contents of carbon element in the black deposit reach 64.59%―73.29%. In contrast, contents of carbon element of the comparative samples from other parts in the cave are only 5.82%―9.49%. The micromorphology analysis of the black deposit samples reveals a plant structure like axial parenchyma, fibrocyte, uniseriate ray and vessel. High-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements suggest that the stratum possibly underwent a high temperature in the nature. Based on these lab analyses, we are sure that the black layer in the Huanglong Cave is the remains of fire and combustion did occur in the cave 100000 years ago. Taking other evidence of human activities found in the Huanglong Cave into consideration, we believe that the evidence of fire from the Huanglong Cave was caused by the human activities of controlled use of fire.     

黄龙洞沉积的环境意义及旅游开发评价

对洞穴沉积物岩性进行分层描述 ,并取样进行了 C1 4、热释光及孢粉鉴定 ,确定沉积物时代为距今 1 4630± 1 90年～ 85 5 0± 75年 .岩性和孢粉组合特征显示洞内沉积经历了暖湿、温干、暖湿、再到温干的气候变迁 ,其生态环境属于稀树草原型 .通过与本区域周边地区 (临汾盆地、北京平原地区 )孢粉组合对比 ,判断黄龙洞所在太原盆地北部山区气候、生态环境及其变化趋势与我国北方地区大体是同步的 ,同时也存在一定差异 .     

中国式的“洞穴说”——对鲁迅“铁屋说”的一种主观阐释

柏拉图借"洞穴说"中解放了的囚徒解救洞穴里顽固囚徒失败的故事影射了苏格拉底的悲剧,希望用哲学的启蒙让人们认识理念的真实世界,这和鲁迅对于现代中国而作的关于"铁屋子"的比喻有着异曲同工之妙。从洞穴到铁屋,从苏格拉底到鲁迅,从哲学启蒙到文学启蒙,从被锁囚徒到昏睡者,从自由囚徒到觉醒者,鲁迅以他深刻的思想和忧患的意识赋予"铁屋子"以浓重的中国特色。     

Hydrogeochemical and Isotopic Evidence for Flow Paths of Karst Waters Collected in the Heshang Cave,Central China

Understanding of hydrological processes in caves is important to help us interpret paleo-climate records from speleothems. In this study, we integrated hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical properties t...     

120-150 ka human tooth and ivory engravings from Xinglongdong Cave, Three Gorges Region, South China

Rich paleoanthropological materials were unearthed in primary context from the Xinglongdong Cave in Fengjie County, Chongqing, South China, including a human tooth, numerous mammalian fossils, some stone artifacts and a Stegodon tusk exhibiting intentional engravings.Based on biostratigraphic data and uranium series dating,the cave was utilized as a human shelter about 120000-150000 years ago. It is the first time that an archaic Homo sapiens fossil has been unearthed from the Three Gorges Region. Engravings on the Stegodon tusk appear in groups,making up simple and abstract images. It is the earliest known engravings created by human beings; it exhibits great potential for the study of the origin of art and the development of ancient cultures in south China and bears important implications for the origin of modern humans in East Asia.     

A preliminary report on the newly found Tianyuan Cave, a Late Pleistocene human fossil site near Zhoukoudian

The Tianyuan Cave is the only human fossil-bearing site containing rich mammalian fossils found in the last decades near Zhoukoudian. Up to now more than 34 specimens of the human body have been recovered, and the mammalian fossils can be put into 29 species. Cervids dominate the fauna, and carnivores are very rare. Based on the primary examination, the human fossils can be attributed to the species Homo sapiens. All the mammalian fossils, except one between tooth of Crocuta belong to the species that still exist today. But some of them are the first records in fossil form north of the Yellow River, such as Arctonyx and Capricornis. Based on the mammalian fauna study, it seems that the Tianyuan Cave can be correlated with the Upper Cave.Sixty-three percent of the species of the mammalian fauna from the Tianyuan Cave are also present in the Upper Cave.The characters of the deposits also share some similarities between the Tianyuan Cave and the Upper Cave; both of them are mainly composed of breccia without cement. The dating using the U-series method on deer tooth samples indicates that the geological age of the new site is around 25 thousand years B.P. This is the first discovery of human sites outside the core area of the Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian,which throws new light onto this world famous site complex.     

兴义下洞、白龙洞、飞龙洞内软体动物、节肢动物和脊索动物群落的比较研究

对贵州兴义市下洞、白龙洞、飞龙洞内的软体动物、节肢动物和脊索动物进行了观察和采集,3个洞穴共获标本(含统计数)4000余号,隶属3门8纲18目40科50属71种.并对3洞的动物群落进行了研究,结果表明:多样性指数最高的是群落A2(2.7423),而最低是群落C1(0.3953);相似性指数最高是群落A1-A3(0.9888),而最低是群落C1-B2(0.1936).     

New species of the genus Troglocheles (Acari: Prostigmata: Rhagidiidae) from Oetztal Alps,Tyrol, with a key to adult species of the genus

Two new species of rhagidiid mites are described from Oetztal Alps, Tyrol, Troglocheles archetypica n. sp. and T. aggerata n. sp. Their interspecific relationships are discussed and two new species-groups, T. strasseri and T. vornatscheri, are defined. A key to the known adult species of the genus Troglocheles Zacharda is given. Phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships among the known talus- and cave-dwelling species of this genus are briefly outlined, including the possibilities of sympatric versus allopatric speciation.