非线性积分微分方程组的振动性

本文建立了积分微分方程组（１）不存在［Ｔ，∝］，Ｔ≥０上的解，使得其每一分支在［０，∝］上恒正或恒负的条件；其次，我们建立了方程组（１）存在［Ｔ，∝］，Ｔ＞０上的解使其每一分支在［０，∝］上恒正的条件；最后，上述结果还被推广到非线性积分微分方程组。     

一类非线性时滞微分方程振动的充要条件及应用

给出非线性时滞微分方程振动的充要条件是微分不等式无最终正解．应用该结果讨论了较为一般的中立型泛函微分方程的振动性．     

大气环流年代际变化对东亚北部冬季气温异常的影响

 利用NCEP资料1949～1999年间的地表气温(SAT)进行经验正交函数分解(EOF).得到的前2个模态均表明,20世纪70年代中期以后,东亚北部地区冬季气温增暖明显,发生了显著的年代际变化.这种气温的异常变化主要受到东亚冬季风的直接影响.近20多年来,北极涛动维持在正位相并持续增强,其对东亚冬季风的影响也越来越显著,东亚冬季风持续减弱,使得东亚北部地区冬季气温增暖.通过对SAT和SLP进行奇异值分解(SVD),结果表明北极涛动的持续增强可能是东亚北部地区冬季增暖的重要原因之一.     

Phylogenetic relationship and phenotypic comparison of Psychrobacter species isolated from polar oceans

To investigate the phylogenetic relationship and biogeography of bacterioplankton in polar oceans, four Psychrobacter strains, BSw10170, BSw20352, BSw20370, and BSw20461, isolated from seawater of the Bering Sea, the Chukchi Sea, and the Prydz Bay, were characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. Results demonstrated that close relationships existed between the Arctic and Antarctic strains with sequence similarities higher than 97%. These four Psychrobacter strains not only showed almost identical phenotypic characteristics among them, but also shared a lot of similarities with those related Psychrobacter species, indicating that psychrotolerance and halotolerance of Psychrobacter strains may be among the reasons for their bipolar, even global distribution in marine environments at the genus level.     

Significant relationship between spring AO and the summer rainfall along the Yangtze River

The influence of spring AO on the summer rainfall along the Yangtze River is investigated. The long-term rainfall observations are filtered to remove the low-frequency variations longer than 10 years. The inter-annual components show a high correlation to AO in the last hundred years. The strongest correlation appears for May AO and summer rainfall with a value of -0.39, significant above the 99% confidence level. Associated with one standard deviation stronger May AO index, the rainfall over the Yangtze River to the southern Japan decreases by about 3%-9%, while, at the same time increases by about 3%-6% in the northern China and far-eastern Russia. The coherent changes in rainfall are significantly related to the East Asian summer jet stream in the upper troposphere. When there is stronger AO in spring, the jet stream tends to move polarward in summer, and leads the rainfall-belt to move northward too. That gives rise to a drier condition in the Yangtze River valley, wetter anomalies in northern China. This signal would be helpful for the summer rainfall prediction in China.     

南极湖泊岩芯地球化学元素垂直分布特征及其对环境变化的响应

用中子活化分析技术分析了南极西湖岩芯（长146cm)中地球化学元素含量，结合^14C定年技术，发现近2000年来，地球化学元素在沉积物中的含量变化与沉积环境密切 相关，尤其是稀土元素总量∑REE出现峰值时，往往反映了温暖湿润的气候条件。而元素含量较稳定时，往往与干旱寒冷的气候条件相对应，近2000年来南极的气候变化特征是温暖－寒冷－温暖，气候的突变在沉积物上表现为元素含量的突变。     

冰后回弹对南极地区冰盖质量变化影响的研究

全球海平面变化关系着人类的生存和发展,一直以来就是科学界重点关注的问题;而南极地区存储的冰是影响海平面变化最主要的因素。主要详细地阐述了冰后回弹的基本理论,以及利用GRACE重力数据计算冰后回弹的基本理论;并推导了相关的计算公式。最后,利用GRACE月重力场数据对冰后回弹和南极地区质量变化进行了试算。实验结果表明:南极地区冰后回弹效应范围为-0.987~20.3 mm/a;其中在极点附近的冰后回弹效应较强。     

基于速率限制舵机的II型PIO预测方法研究

为预测由于速率限制舵机引起的II型PIO,根据速率限制舵机的特点,建立了简化的速率限制舵机模型,在时域内对其动态特性进行了仿真分析,针对速率限制舵机非线性的特点,采用了描述函数法来研究闭环系统的特性,推导了饱和速率限制舵机的描述函数模型,研究了Gap准则预测II型PIO的具体方法。最后,通过一个简单的算例,介绍了这种预测方法的整个过程。该方法简便明晰,为非线性人机闭环系统的PIO预测提供了一种参考。     

Relationship between Arctic Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation on decadal timescale

The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is one of the main modes to describe the climate variability in the North Pacific (NP)[1-5]. Recent studies showed that PDO is related to winter surface air temperature and precipitation over North America[3,6], the c…