Xanthocalanus gracilis and Tharybis magna (Copepoda: Calanoida) rediscovered from the Antarctic Ocean with baited traps

Two species of calanoid copepods, Xanthocalanus gracilis Wolfenden, 1911 (Phaennidae) and Tharybis magna Bradford, 1983 (Tharybidae) collected with baited traps from the Antarctic Ocean are redescribed including some scanning electron microscopic observations. The morphological features and ecological data of these species which both bear maxillary sensory setae strongly suggest that they are detritivores and/or scavengers.     

Two new genera of Laophontidae (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from the high Antarctic Weddell Sea

Two new genera of the harpacticoid family Laophontidae from the high Antarctic Weddell Sea are described. At present, both taxa cannot be assigned to any of the known genera or lineages of the family. The Antarctic shows the greatest degree of endemism worldwide in several already investigated taxa and, considering the available records, the Laophontidae appear to be no exception to this rule. The available data on the Laophontidae of the Weddell Sea seem to support a hypothesis of an ‘old’ antarctic fauna rather than a recolonization by ‘phylogenetic younger’ taxa after the major climatic changes, which took place in the Antarctic continent and the surrounding waters from the Miocene onwards.     

A PERTURBED SOLUTION OF SEA-AIR OSCILLATOR FOR THE ENSO MECHANISM

A class of coupled system of the E1Nifio/La Nifio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) mechanism is studied. Using the perturbed theory, the asymptotic expansions of the solution for ENSO model are obtained and the asymptotic behavior of the solution for corresponding problem is considered. And it is pointed out that the solution tends to the corresponding attractor as t→∞.     

二阶非线性微分方程的振动准则

本文主要讨论二阶非线性微分方程（r（t）x’（t））’＋p（t）f（x（t））g（x’（t））=0得到方程的一些新的振动准则．这些结果改进了Wintner，Hartman，Kamenev，Yan和Philos利用通常的黎卡提变换u（t）=a（t）r（t）{x＇（t）/x（t）＋k（t）），其中k∈C^1是[t0，∞）上的连续函数，和a（s）=exp{-2}k（ξ）dξ}所得的振动准则．     

高阶非线性中立型方程的振动定理

研究了一类具有连续分布滞量的高阶非线性中立型方程{a(t)[x(t)+m∑i=1ci(t)x(iτ(t))](n-1)}′+b∫af(t,,ξx(g(t,ξ)))dσ(ξ)=0的振动性,利用R iccati变换并运用分析方法和技巧,得到了该类方程新的振动准则,所得结论推广和改进了已知文献的部分结果.     

近期气候变化研究的一些最新进展

气候变化是当前国际上的热点问题之一,尤其是IPCC-AR4以来的全球气候及其影响如何变化更为引人瞩目.本文综述了近年在Science和Nature等国际杂志上刊登的涉及全球气候变化研究如辐射强迫、温室气体、气溶胶、海水和海平面、温度和降水、南北极地区等的最新研究成果和研究动态,对全球变化及其相关学科的研究以及即将发布的IPCC第五次评估报告具有重要的参考价值.     

Analyses on the air and snow temperatures near ground with observations of an AWS at Dome A, the summit of Antarctic Plateau

As the summit of the Antarctic Plateau, Dome A has been received international attentions.In this paper, observational data of an automatic weather station (AWS) at Dome A in 2005–2007 were used to analyze the seasonal variations of air temperatures near the ground and snow temperatures within a depth of 10 m. Analyses on the air temperatures show a typical feature of the coreless winter, and strong inversion maintains during the long winter. Accordingly the stratification near the ground is dominated by th...     

球型量子点量子比特内电子的概率密度分布

通过精确求解能量本征方程及变分方法,得到球型量子点中电子-声子相互作用体系的基态和第一激发态能量,以这样一个两能级体系构成一个量子比特.数值计算表明,当量子点尺寸一定时,量子比特中电子的概率密度随空间位置的变化而变化,且各个空间点的概率密度均随时间做周期性振荡,振荡周期随球半径的增大而增大.     

南海西沙过去千年降雨变化及其影响因素

热带太平洋水循环对全球气候具有非常重要的意义.虽然在年际尺度上,厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(El Nio-Southern Oscillation,ENSO)与沃克环流的变化对热带太平洋降雨具有显著的影响.但是在世纪尺度上,目前的古气候研究结果大多都认为赤道辐合带(Intertropical Convergence Zone,ITCZ)的整体摆动才是热带太平洋过去千年降雨变化的主要原因.这些研究结果显示在小冰期期间(LIA,AD1400～1850)ITCZ出现了南移,这一南移使得现代ITCZ北界附近的区域在小冰期期间降雨减少,而在南界附近的降雨则出现增多.利用湖泊沉积物多个指标重建的中国南海西沙东岛近千年的降雨变化显示,东岛在中世纪暖期(MWP,AD1000～1400)和现代温暖期(AD1850～2000)降雨较少,而在小冰期期间则表现为湿润.考虑到东岛的地理位置,这样的降雨变化很难被ITCZ整体摆动理论所解释.结合现代器测资料的分析,东岛的降雨变化很有可能主要受到了太平洋沃克环流变化的影响.这一结果说明热带地区过去千年降雨变化不仅仅受到ITCZ的整体摆动控制,其他气候系统如ENSO/沃克环流的变化也起到了重要的作用.进一步综合热带太平洋地区已有的古降雨记录对过去2000年南方涛动指数进行了定量重建,结果显示沃克环流变化与太阳活动之间存在明显的关联.