Revision of the Trogidae of South America (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)

The South American Trogidae are revised. Three genera, Trox Fabricius, Omorgus Erichson (with two subgenera, Omorgus and Haroldomorgus Scholtz), and Polynoncus Burmeister, and 47 species are recorded from the continent and its islands. Trox is represented by the ubiquitous introduced species T. scaber (L.), Omorgus is represented by 13 species and Polynoncus by 33 species. Five new species are described and all others are re-described. A key to all taxa is provided. Adults of all species and their male genitalia are illustrated and their distributions mapped. Observations are presented on phylogeny, zoogeography and biology. The new species are O. capillaceus, O. indigenus, O. nocheles, P. erugatus and P. gibberosus. Four new synonymies are proposed (synonyms listed first): O. triestinae Pittino = P. suberosus (Fabricius); P. furcifer Pittino = P. bifurcatus (Vaurie); P. parafurcatus occidentalis Pittino and P. furcillifer Pittino = P. parafurcatus Pittino. Omorgus badeni (Harold) is reinstated as a valid species. Lectotypes are designated for O. batesi (Harold) and O. badeni (Harold).     

Limb regeneration in a common South-American littoral crab Cyrtograpsus angulatus

The intermoult period (time elapsed between two successive moults) is shortened, its variation among individuals and the size increment at moult are reduced, in juveniles of the littoral crab Cyrtograpsus angulatus when the number of regenerating limbs increases. Bud growth rates of regenerating limbs are calculated from plots of R₄ (length of third or fourth limb bud. 100/carapace width) as a function of relative time, considering that the intermoult period corresponds to 100%. Bud growth rates remain similar for crabs with a different number of limbs autotomized soon after moult. Regeneration of a second set of autotomized limbs follows autotomy if it occurs before the growing buds of a first set have a relative size R₄ < 16. Buds of contralateral limbs autotomized at different times during the moult cycle have similar final R₄ values because their growth rates are higher for limbs lost later. Buds of limbs, autotomized after part of the moult cycle has elapsed since moult, also tend to grow faster than those lost earlier. Neither the intermoult period nor the size increment at moult are modified by a second autotomy, after or before the critical R₄ value, and by the autotomy of a single limb in different moments of the moult cycle.     

State of the field: Latin American decolonial philosophies of science

Today, new histories of science are producing skeptical questions about the supposedly international philosophies of science that prevail in the North. The conceptual resources of such philosophies seem inadequate to enable them to interact effectively with how sciences and their philosophies do, could, and should function in today's economic, political, social and cultural, local and global contexts. How international, or universal, are these philosophies of science in reality? Here the focus will be on just one strain of these challenges. This one has emerged from Latin Americans who are creating anti-colonial histories and philosophies of knowledge production. They have named it modernity/coloniality/decolonial theory (MCD). They intend to develop a philosophy of science adequate for its own, Latin American needs. In the process, they transform typical Northern assumptions about modernity, its origins and its effects on Northern philosophies of science, as these are understood in both Latin America and around the globe.Five aspects of the MCD accounts will be discussed here. The first is historical differences between the worlds of the Spanish and Portuguese colonization of the Americas in the sixteenth century and of the worlds of the mostly British colonization of India and Africa in the ‘long nineteenth century’. Second is feminist and anti-racist issues in these Latin American histories. Third is the neglect of these histories in the North. Fourth is the continuing effects of the rise and fall of a positivist philosophy of science in Latin America. The fifth is two progressive post-positivist tensions for Northern philosophy of science produced in this work.     

浅谈如何发挥农村图书馆的教育功能

介绍了美国农村图书馆教育功能的现状,针对我国农村图书馆的具体情况,从农村图书馆与农村教育相结合方面提出了一些建议。     

美国信息管理教育——挑战与特色

分析了美国信息管理行业的素质要求,总结了使美国信息管理教育面临挑战的主要原因,并介绍了美国一些提供优秀信息管理教育的学院的共有特色。     

美国建筑结构规范体系的发展与现状

本文结合笔者近期对美国建筑结构规范的学习,简要介绍了美国建筑结构规范的发展过程与现状,各主要规范、标准及其相互关系,供初学美国建筑结构规范的同行参考。     

粮食战争：美国霸权世界的秘密武器

美国前国务卿亨利·基辛格有句名言:如果你控制了粮食,你就控制了所有的人。民以食为天,食以粮为源,粮食是人类第一生活必需品,是保障国家生存与发展的最重要的战略物资。春秋战国时的齐国通过实施粮食战争,助其成就了五霸之首的地位;当今美国同样把粮食作为战略武器,实施粮食战争,助其维持一超独霸世界地位。作为世界第一人口大国,第一大粮食消费国,我国粮食安全正受到越来越严重的威胁和挑战,粮食安全必须警钟长鸣,必须坚持自力更生。     

论美国民间文学的特色

通过对美国民间文学的概况、传承、类别和特点的介绍与比较深入细致的分析,从其历史发展的角度讨论美国民间文学的文化特征,揭示了美国民间文学的思想意义和时代影响,有助于了解美国文化遗产,对保护我们自己的民间文化遗产也有一定的借鉴作用。     

中美家庭教育方式比较

由于中美两国社会制度,文化背景,教育目的等方面的不同,也给家庭教育孩子的观念带来不同。本文首先对中美家庭教育的方式进行比较,分析形成两国家庭教育方式差异的原因。接着根据对比中美两国的家庭教育,取其精华去其糟粕,提出几点适合中美家庭教育的方法。