L-酒石酸异丁酯的合成

以L-酒石酸、异丁醇为原料合成了手性拆分试剂L-酒石酸异丁酯.考察了带水剂用量、醇酸摩尔比、催化剂种类、催化剂用量对产品酯化率的影响.研究结果表明,最好的催化剂为对甲苯磺酸,在醇酸摩尔比为3∶1,催化剂的最佳用量为1 g,带水剂甲苯用量为60 mL的条件下,L-酒石酸异丁酯的酯化率可达99.4%.     

水热法合成甘草次酸甲酯的研究

以甘草酸为原料通过水热法合成了甘草次酸甲酯,并通过红外光谱和1H核磁共振等手段对其进行表征,确定了其化学结构.该合成方法具有简便、快速、收率高等优点.     

米根霉发酵产L-乳酸体系中淀粉酶的研究

米根霉As3.819是一株L-乳酸的高产菌株,且能够分泌淀粉酶直接利用淀粉发酵生产乳酸。文章研究了不同培养基主要成分下米根霉菌株As3.819生产L-乳酸和淀粉酶情况,并对发酵液中淀粉酶水解产物进行分析。研究结果表明,在甘薯淀粉8%、硫酸铵为0.4%时L-乳酸和淀粉酶的产量相对较高,且在培养基中加入麸皮后能增加淀粉酶的分泌,种子培养基中碳源为麦芽糖时也能起到很好的效果。     

蓬莱高酸原油中环烷酸的结构组成

采用以乙醇胺为碱性组分的复配溶剂将蓬莱高酸原油中的环烷酸分离出来,并借助红外光谱、元素分析、质谱、核磁共振波谱等手段对其组成和结构进行了探讨,认为蓬莱高酸原油所含环烷酸的平均相对分子质量为278,平均分子式为C18H30O2,其中主要为一环和二环的一元羧酸,两者总量达66%。碳数分布为C9~C28。环烷酸的主要成分为饱和酸,芳香酸含量很少。     

Diversity in enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductases

The enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (ENR) is the last enzyme in the fatty acid elongation cycle. Unlike most enzymes in this essential pathway, ENR displays an unusual diversity among organisms. The growing interest in ENRs is mainly due to the fact that a variety of both synthetic and natural antibacterial compounds are shown to specifically target their activity. The primary anti-tuberculosis drug, isoniazid, and the broadly used antibacterial compound, triclosan, both target this enzyme. In this review, we discuss the diversity of ENRs, and their inhibitors in the light of current research progress. Received 3 November 2008; received after revision 5 December 2008; accepted 8 December 2008     

修复周围神经损伤的静电自组装PDLLA/CS/CHS复合材料

利用静电自组装和真空冷冻干燥法制备用于修复周围神经损伤的聚乳酸/硫酸软骨素/壳聚糖复合材料.用全反射傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜等进行表征,发现复合材料表面被均匀修饰,具有明显的多级结构,内层为致密结构,外层为疏松的海绵结构,孔径10~100μm.亲水性实验发现自组装复合材料的亲水性较纯聚乳酸有了较大的提高.降解实验发现:在0~2周,材料降解液pH值急剧下降,后期下降缓慢;降解过程中pH值都在7.0左右.MTT(四甲基偶氮唑盐)实验表明复合材料具有一定的促进雪旺细胞生长的作用.     

氯化苯甲醛肟的简便合成

以廉价的三氯异氰尿酸和取代的苯甲醛肟为原料合成了一系列的氯化苯甲醛肟,方法操作和后处理简便.并考察了反应条件对产物收率的影响,确定了最佳的反应条件:苯甲醛肟与三氯异氰尿酸的摩尔比为2∶1左右,溶剂为四氢呋喃,温度0～5℃,反应时间4～6 h,产物收率可达到90%以上.     

阿维菌素缓释微球的研制

以生物可降解材料聚乳酸(PLA)为载体,通过溶剂蒸发法制备了一种具有缓释性能的阿维菌素微球,研究了PLA的粘度及配比对微球制备以及释放度的影响.实验结果表明:随着PLA用量的减少,微球的粒径逐渐减小,释放速度逐渐加大;随着PLA粘度的增大,载药微球的表皮粗糙度加大,空隙也逐渐增大,释放加快.利用扫描电镜观察载药微球外观为单分散球体,表面粗糙,粒径为10～100 μm.用高效液相色谱法测定了微球内的药物含量并计算其包封率,利用差示扫描量热分析证明药物被微球有效包裹.     

Structural characterization of two papaya chitinases, a family GH19 of glycosyl hydrolases

Two chitinases, able to use tetra-N-acetylglucosamine, chitin and chitosan as substrates, were characterized after purification from Carica papaya latex. The complete amino acid sequence of the major form and about 40% of the minor one were determined through proteolytic digestions and mass spectroscopy analysis. Sequencing demonstrated that both papaya chitinases are members of the family 19 of glycosyl hydrolases (GH19). Based on the known 3-D structures of other members of family GH19, it was expected that papaya chitinases would adopt all-alpha structures. However, circular dichroism and infrared spectroscopy indicated, for the papaya chitinases, a content of 15–20% of extended structures besides the expected 40% of alpha helices. Since the fully sequenced papaya chitinase contains a large number of proline residues the possibility that papaya chitinase contains polyproline II stretches was examined in the context of their resistance against proteolytic degradation. Received 11 July 2006; received after revision 13 October 2006; accepted 25 October 2006     

Sialic acid-specific lectins: occurrence, specificity and function

Sialic acids consist of a family of acidic ninecarbon sugars that are typically located at the terminal positions of a variety of glycoconjugates. Naturally occurring sialic acids show an immense diversity of structure, and this reflects their involvement in a variety of biologically important processes. One such process involves the direct participation of sialic acids in recognition events through specific interactions with lectins, a family of proteins that recognise and bind sugars. This review will present a detailed overview of our current knowledge regarding the occurrence, specificity and function of sialic acid-specific lectins, particularly those that occur in viruses, bacteria and non-vertebrate eukaryotes. Received 13 December 2005; received after revision 9 February 2006; accepted 15 February 2006