藤黄酸的提取工艺改进

对中药藤黄中的藤黄酸的提取分离进行了方法改进.通过渗漉、吡啶成盐、三次重结晶、置换萃取等步骤得到橙黄色藤黄酸单体.藤黄酸得率为23.9%.并通过IR、MS、1HNMR、13CNMR对藤黄酸进行了结构鉴定.     

改性环氧树脂三元聚合物的合成研究

由甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸丁酯和二甲基二氯硅烷(DMS)与环氧树脂接枝共聚,得到一种有机硅-丙烯酸-环氧树脂三元聚合物的改性环氧树脂.通过红外光谱对改性环氧树脂进行表征,结果表明合成了预期结构;热重分析结果表明改性环氧树脂提高了耐热性;通过检测,制作的复合材料的力学性能均有不同程度的提高.     

Salicylic acid and ethylene signaling pathways are involved in production of rice trypsin proteinase inhibitors induced by the leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis （Guenee）

The roles of signaling pathways in the production of trypsin proteinase inhibitors (TrypPIs) in rice infested by the leaf folder (LF) Cnaphalocrocis medinalis were studied. Infestation by LF increased TrypPI levels in the leaves of rice plants at the tillering, booting and flowering stages but decreased TrypPI levels at the ripening stage; TrypPI levels in rice stems did not increase at any developmental stage. Infestation by LF at the tillering stage systemically increased TrypPI levels in leaves but not in stems; it also enhanced salicylic acid (SA) levels in leaves and stems, and the ethylene level released from plants. However, LF infestation did not increase JA concentrations. Exogenous application of SA or ethylene enhanced TrypPI levels in the leaves and stems of plants at the tillering stage, whereas treatment with both SA and ethylene induced lower levels of TrypPIs than treatment with SA or ethylene alone, suggesting an antagonistic effect of SA and ethylene on TrypPIs induction. The results suggest that both SA and ethylene signaling pathways are involved in the production of TrypPIs in rice induced by LF; moreover, the antagonistic effect of SA and ethylene may explain the changes in TrypPI levels seen at different plant developmental stages and in different organs.     

Angular dependent NEXAFS study of the molecular orientation of PTCDA multilayers on Au （111） surface

The molecular orientation of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (PTCDA) multilayers adsorbed on Au (111) surface has been investigated using angular dependent O K-edge near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The significant angular dependence of important resonant structures (π* and σ*) reveals that PTCDA molecules adopt an ordered geometry on the substrate surface. The average tilt angle of the PTCDA molecular planes is 27°±10° from the Au (111) surface.     

Potential release of hydrogen fluoride from domestic coal in endemic fluorosis area in Guizhou,China

Almost half of the total rural area of Guizhou Province and many regions within the 11 adjacent provinces in southwestern China have a long history(at least 70 years) of endemic fluorosis,including dental fluorosis and osteofluorosis along with its associated deformities and disabilities.Over decades of research,this specific type of endemic fluorosis has been defined as coal-burning fluorosis,which is distinct from drinking-water fluorosis.It is generally acknowledged that indoor burning and combustion of high-fluorine coal leads to food contamination,and fluorine then enters the human body.However,the exact chemical form of fluorine during its release and transfer to the body is still unknown.In the present study,21 domestic coal samples from outcrop and semi-outcrop coal collected in five villages with fluorosis were analyzed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(TOF-SIMS).The total mass fraction of sulfur in the samples ranged from 0.24%-5.58% and total fluorine content ranged 90.2-149.2 mg/kg.H3O+,H2SO4+ and HSO4-were detected in the samples by TOF-SIMS,which indicated that sulfuric acid hydrate(H2SO4.H2O) was present in the samples.F-was detected in all of these,which suggested the samples contain ionic fluorine compounds.Under certain circumstances,such as heating or burning,the prevalence and coexistence of the acid(H2SO4.H2O) and base(F-) would lead to a neutralization reaction producing volatile hydrogen fluoride(HF,bp = 19.5℃).This would be the chemical form of fluorine released from the coal.Further studies using HF and SO2 test tubes on headspace gas over coal samples heated to 200℃ in the laboratory and on headspace gas over stoves or chimney tops at rural residences confirmed the release of HF.     

聚天冬氨酸修饰玻碳电极伏安法检测阿魏酸

通过在水溶液中直接电聚合的方法制备了聚天冬氨酸修饰玻碳电极.在pH为4.5,0.1 mol.L-1HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,修饰电极对阿魏酸表现出良好的吸附能力,显著地提高了阿魏酸的电信号强度.探讨了聚天冬氨酸修饰玻碳电极的作用机理,建立了阿魏酸的快速检测方法.在浓度为9.1×10-7～3.0×10-3mol.L-1范围内,阿魏酸的微分脉冲氧化峰电流与其浓度呈线性关系,检出限为3.1×10-7mol.L-1.此方法用于中成药逍遥丸中痕量阿魏酸的检测,回收率为97.9%～102.2%.     

分散液液微萃取在酸性模拟体系中塑料包装材料PAEs的溶出应用

将分散液液微萃取(DLLME)与气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测器(GC-FID)技术相结合,建立了一种简单快速测定塑料包装材料在酸性模拟体系(体积分数为3%乙酸水溶液)中6种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)溶出量的方法.采用四氯化碳作萃取荆,乙腈为分散剂,在优化条件下,6种PAEs在1.0～100.0μg/L质量浓度内呈良好的线性...     

玉米秸秆稀酸预水解液两种脱毒方法的研究

以玉米秸秆稀酸预水解液为原料,研究了减压蒸发和络合萃取两种脱毒方法对乙酸等抑制物的去除情况。结果表明:玉米秸秆稀酸预水解液减压蒸发脱毒,糠醛完全被去除,而5-羟甲基糠醛则基本不能被去除;当水解液浓缩5.80倍时,其浓缩液中乙酸质量浓度和去除率分别为4.06 g/L和60.45%。络合萃取脱毒的最佳条件:络合萃取剂的组成为30%三烷基胺+50%正辛醇+20%煤油,油水相比2∶1,温度25℃,时间60 min,此时脱毒液中乙酸质量浓度和去除率分别为1.43 g/L和52.33%,糠醛完全被去除,5-羟甲基糠醛的去除率为27.78%。     

特布他林催化1,2-萘醌-4-磺酸钠与氢氧根离子的反应及特布他林的测定

建立了用1,2-萘醌-4-磺酸钠分光光度法测定特布他林的新方法.研究表明,在0.20 mol/L NaOH(pH=13.3)溶液中,特布他林电离生成的阴离子能够催化氧氧根离子(OH-)与1,2-萘醌-4-磺酸钠(NQS)反应形成2-羟基-1,4-萘醌,其最大吸收波长为452 nm.特布他林浓度在0.12～8.0 mg/...     

磷对丙酮酸发酵生产影响作用研究

磷是发酵培养基中经常添加的一种重要的大量元素,在光滑球拟酵母(Torulopsis glabrata)生产丙酮酸的过程中,磷元素对丙酮酸生物合成有着重要的影响.研究了不同初始KH2PO4质量浓度下丙酮酸合成、菌体生长、基质消耗及副产物形成等方面的差异,分析了形成这些差异的原因,以考察磷元素在丙酮酸发酵中的作用.