杉木第4代育种候选群体的12年生全同胞子代测定表现与选择

【目的】福建-南京林业大学合作的杉木多世代遗传改良计划,于2006年起陆续开展第4代育种候选群体的遗传资源创制、测定和评价。本研究旨在通过全同胞子代测定(第4代育种候选群体系列测定之一),为2016年启动的杉木第4代种子园营建技术研究和后续的生产性种子园建设提供优良亲本。【方法】 分别测定了杉木第4代候选群体中第2批1个12年生全同胞家系测定林1~12 a树高,4、5、 6、9和12 a的胸径,计算参试家系的单株平均材积;选取所有小区家系内的12年生的最优单株,采集胸高木芯样品测定木材基本密度和红心材比例。根据参试家系生长性状年度均值和变异系数评价家系生长性状稳定性;在方差分析基础上,估算遗传方差和遗传力;比较不同林龄、不同选择率以及早期选择对12年生时入选家系的准确率和材积遗传增益的影响。最后,以材积遗传增益为主要指标,兼顾材性性状,开展优良全同胞家系和家系内优良单株选择,预测入选家系和单株的遗传增益。【结果】 杉木第4代候选群体第2批62个全同胞子代测定结果表明,参试家系12 a平均树高、胸径、单株材积生长量、木材基本密度和红心材比例分别达到12.63 m、15.2 cm、0.136 8 m³、0.328 0 g/cm³和40.76%。参试家系所有性状的遗传方差均达到统计学极显著差异水平,候选群体中存在真实的遗传差异。家系树高、胸径和单株材积狭义遗传力分别为0.246、0.358和0.329,家系内最优单株树高、胸径及单株材积狭义遗传力分别为0.464、0.687、0.680。以12 a材积生长量性状为优选基准,兼顾木材基本密度和红心材比例,进行优良家系和家系内优良单株的综合选择,筛选出10个速生全同胞家系,其平均树高、胸径、单株材积、基本密度和红心材比例分别为13.34 m、17.0 cm、0.176 3 m³、0.320 2 g/cm³ 和40.76%。入选家系平均材积遗传增益幅度为6.14%~21.60%。中选的19个优良个体的材积生长量遗传增益幅度为58.62%~178.20%(平均为83.12%)。12年生最优家系木材基本密度达0.363 3 g/cm³,家系内最优单株木材基本密度最高达0.476 4 g/cm³。19个中选优良单株的材积平均遗传增益为83.12%,木材基本密度提高10%以上,红心材比例提高12.78%。这批材积生长量遗传增益突出,木材基本密度高,红心材比例高的优良家系和优良单株,不但是营建第4代种子园重要亲本来源,而且也是优良无性系培育和推广应用的重要遗传资源基础。本研究还对家系的树高、胸径和材积生长量稳定性、选择率对遗传增益的影响,以及家系材积生长量早晚相关及其早期选择年龄等进行了分析。结果表明,以材积为生长量的综合指标,家系选择率15%时,无论4、5还是6 a时的早期选择结果,与12 a选择入选家系的符合度与遗传增益均达到最高值。这说明杉木第4代遗传改良中,据4~6 a幼林的材积生长表现开展早期选择,不仅可行有效,还大幅度节约了时间,缩短了育种周期。【结论】 杉木第4代遗传改良的1个候选群体在生长发育和木材性能方面存在丰富的遗传变异。这些在材积生长量、基材密度和红心材比例等方面遗传增益较高的优良亲本和重选优良个体不仅是杉木第4代种子园建立的重要亲本来源,还是杉木优良无性系选择的重要遗传资源。     

掺杂预合成添加剂对氧化锌压敏电阻性能影响

为了提高氧化锌(ZnO)压敏电阻的电学性能,采用常规烧结并在ZnO压敏电阻中掺杂预先合成的BiSbO₄和Zn₂SiO₄,研究不同掺杂比例对ZnO压敏电阻的微观结构、电学性能、通流能力的影响.结果表明:ZnO压敏电阻在掺杂BiSbO₄和Zn₂SiO₄后,能够有效抑制ZnO晶粒变大,晶体结构变得致密均匀,致密性有所提高,有效提高压敏特性和通流能力.BiSbO₄和Zn₂SiO₄掺杂比例为3∶1的样品综合性能比较优异,样品的致密度为5.58 g·cm^-3,压敏电位梯度达到425 V·mm^-1,非线性系数为70,漏电流为1.2×10^-7 A·cm^-2,能量耐受能力达到334.21 J·cm^-3,残压比为2.5.     

Ti-6Al-4V合金电弧熔丝增材的组织性能研究进展

Ti-6Al-4V钛合金具有密度低、高温下组织稳定、强度高的特点,被广泛应用于机翼翼梁、起落架支撑肋等航空工业关键零部件的制造。电弧熔丝增材技术研究始于20世纪80年代,该技术具有成型效率高、原材料利用率高、设备简单等优势。目前,学界对Ti-6Al-4V合金电弧熔丝增材技术开展了广泛研究并已取得一定成果。笔者综述了电弧熔丝增材制造技术的发展历史及研究热点,并整合了国内外Ti-6Al-4V合金电弧熔丝增材技术的最新研究及应用情况,对电弧熔丝增材制造Ti-6Al-4V合金的组织性能特性及调控工艺进行了总结与展望。     

Codebook design for uplink of densely small cells

The shrinking of cell-size brings significant changes to the wireless uplink of densely small cells （DSCs）. A codebook design is proposed that utilizes the strong line of sight （LOS） chan- nel component existing in a DSC system for uplink of the DSC system. To further improve the uplink performance, the high-rank codebook is designed based on singular value decomposition （SVD） due to the unnecessary preservation of strict constant modulus in the DSC system. And according to the simulation result, the proposed codebook leads to significant sum-rate gain and appreciable block error rate （BLER） performance improvement in the DSC system.     

Reduced K-best sphere decoding algorithm based on minimum route distance and noise variance

This paper focuses on reducing the complexity of K-best sphere decoding （SD） algorithm for the detection of uncoded multi-ple input multiple output （MIMO） systems. The proposed algorithm utilizes the threshold-pruning method to cut nodes with partial Euclidean distances （PEDs） larger than the threshold. Both the known noise value and the unknown noise value are considered to generate the threshold, which is the sum of the two values. The known noise value is the smal est PED of signals in the detected layers. The unknown noise value is generated by the noise power, the quality of service （QoS） and the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） bound. Simulation results show that by considering both two noise values, the proposed algorithm makes an efficient reduction while the performance drops little.     

Radial acceleration estimation of multiple high maneuvering targets

The acceleration of a high maneuvering target in signal processing is helpful to enhance the performance of the tracker and facilitate the classification of targets. At present, most of the research on acceleration estimation is carried out in cases of a single target with time-frequency analysis methods such as fractional Fourier transform （FRFT）, Hough-ambiguity transform （HAT）, and Wigner-Vil e distribution （WVD）, which need to satisfy enough time duration and sampling theorem. Only one reference proposed a method of acceleration estimation for multiple targets based on modified polynomial phase transform （MPPT） in the lin-ear frequency modulation （LFM） continuous-wave （CW） radar. The method of acceleration estimation for multiple targets in the pulse Doppler （PD） radar has not been reported so far. Compressive sensing （CS） has the advantage of sampling at a low rate and short duration without sacrificing estimation performance. There-fore, this paper proposes a new method of acceleration estimation for multiple maneuvering targets with the unknown number based on CS with pulse Doppler signals. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method under several conditions with different duration, measurement numbers, signal to noise ra-tios （SNR）, and regularization parameters, respectively. Simulation results also show that the performance of the proposed method is superior to that of FRFT and HAT in the condition of multiple targets.     

Azimuth resolution improvement for spaceborne SAR images with quasi-non-overlapped Doppler bandwidth

The azimuth resolution improvement problem is solved via a coherent combination of synthetic aperture radar （SAR） ima-ges with the quasi-non-overlapped Doppler bandwidth. Prior to the spectra combination, SAR images should be coregistered, while phase biases induced by topography, atmospheric propagation delays and baseline measurement errors should be calibrated. However, the coregistration accuracy suffers from large Doppler decorrelation caused by the quasi-non-overlapped Doppler band-width. Furthermore, the method used to estimate phase biases from interferogram of azimuth prefiltered SAR image pairs wil fail when there is no overlapped spectrum. The fringe simulation and maximum sharpness optimization are adopted to deal with the problems. Accordingly, a novel algorithm to coherently synthesize SAR images is presented. The experiment with the Terra SAR X-band （TerraSAR-X） satel ite data validates the performance of the presented method.     

Memetic algorithm for multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problems

A memetic algorithm （MA） for a multi-mode resourceconstrained project scheduling problem （MRCPSP） is proposed. We use a new fitness function and two very effective local search procedures in the proposed MA. The fitness function makes use of a mechanism called ＂strategic oscillation＂ to make the search process have a higher probability to visit solutions around a ＂feasible boundary＂. One of the local search procedures aims at improving the lower bound of project makespan to be less than a known upper bound, and another aims at improving a solution of an MRCPSP instance accepting infeasible solutions based on the new fitness function in the search process. A detailed computational experiment is set up using instances from the problem instance library PSPLIB. Computational results show that the proposed MA is very competitive with the state-of-the-art algorithms. The MA obtains improved solutions for one instance of set J30.     

智慧城市与低碳城市共生机理研 究简

本文从信息通信发展的视角,构建智慧城市与低碳城市共生的理论分析框架,剖析ICT产业在共生中的基础作用,并阐述二者之间双向互动的内在机理。提出将智慧低碳共生体作为城市发展的主导模式,以智慧城市建设促进城市低碳发展,以低碳城市建设提升城市智慧水平。     

Opportunistic spectrum sharing in software defined wireless network

Over the past few decades, the world has witnessed a rapid growth in mobile and wireless networks（MWNs） which significantly change human life. However, proliferating mobile demands lead to several intractable challenges that MWN has to face. Software-defined network is expected as a promising way for future network and has captured growing attention. Network virtualization is an essential feature in software-defined wireless network（SDWN）, and it brings two new entities, physical networks and virtual networks. Accordingly, efficiently assigning spectrum resource to virtual networks is one of the fundamental problems in SDWN. Directly orienting towards the spectrum resource allocation problem, firstly, the fluctuation features of virtual network requirements in SDWN are researched, and the opportunistic spectrum sharing method is introduced to SDWN. Then, the problem is proved as NP-hardness. After that, a dynamic programming and graph theory based spectrum sharing algorithm is proposed.Simulations demonstrate that the opportunistic spectrum sharing method conspicuously improves the system performance up to around 20%–30% in SDWN, and the proposed algorithm achieves more efficient performance.