压剪破坏条件下型煤的声发射特征研究

为了给煤炭开采活动中煤岩体和巷道压剪破坏的预报预测提供一定的依据,采用微机控制试验机进行了型煤试块的压剪破坏试验,研究了压剪破坏条件下的声发射特征及压剪应力状态的影响.试验结果表明:声发射伴随于整个型煤压剪破坏的始终,压密阶段之后,声发射事件随应力的增减而增减;当压应力等于剪应力时,声发射事件与试样应力曲线变化趋势最为接近;随着型煤试样剪切破坏强度的下降,声发射事件的峰值也呈现逐渐减小的趋势;低剪切角条件下声发射事件高于高剪切角条件下声发射事件.     

溶剂热辅助法控制合成ZnO纳米结构及其光学性质研究

用溶剂热方法合成了znC2O4·2H2O纳米棒的中间体,在不同热处理条件下获得ZnO的玉米棒、颗粒片、链结构等不同形貌,从而实现对ZnO的形貌进行控制．室温下．ZnO在250nm的紫外光激发下,在400nm处出现一个近带发射峰．这种发光峰属于ZnO中的缺陷发光．对ZnO的形成机理做出了热重和红外分析,并对ZnO的形成机理提出了一种可能的解释．溶剂热方法获得的ZnC2O4·2H2O纳米棒在高温下分解成ZnO．在退火过程中,中间体会先形成空洞,然后形成带颗粒的纳米棒;但是这种纳米棒开始会粘接在一起形成片状,然后纳米片会卷曲成玉米棒结构,最终玉米棒散掉,形成纳米链．     

Comprehensive assessment on dynamic roof instability under fractured rock mass conditions in the excavation disturbed zone

The damage process of fractured rock mass showed that the fracture in rocks induced roof collapse in Yangchangwan Coal Mine, China. The rock mass was particularly weak and fractured. There occurred 6 large-scale dynamical roof falls in the excavation disturbed zone (EDZ) with the collapsing volume of 216 m3. First, the field detailed geological environment, regional seismic dynamics, and dynamic instability of roadways were generally investigated. Second, the field multiple-index monitoring measurements for detecting the deep delamination of the roof, convergence deformation, bolt-cable load, acoustic emission (AE) characteristic parameters, total AE events, AE energy-releasing rate, rock mass fracture, and damage were arranged. Finally, according to the time-space-strength relations, a quantitative assessment of the influence of rock-mass damage on the dynamic roof instability was accomplished.     

中国碳排放特征及碳汇经济建设分析

介绍了碳汇经济的概念,综述了中国碳排放的特征,并就进行碳汇经济建设开展讨论,这对于理解我国碳排放变化与经济发展之间的内在联系,以及产业发展调整具有一定的意义。     

较高能有效真二次电子发射系数与入射能量、能量幂次的关系

从理论上论述较高能原电子对金属射程的能量幂次n、入射能量与有效真二次电子发射系数的关系,然后用实验数据证明该理论的正确性,最后对结果进行讨论并得出结论:入射能量不同但属于同一个能区的较高能原电子轰击同一个金属发射体时,它们的有效真二次电子发射系数与原电子入射能量的n-1次方之积近似为一个常量.     

两种调制方式下微腔半导体激光器的抗噪声性能

假定输入调制信号为实际语音信号,伴随语音信号的噪声为加性白噪声,在大输入信噪比前提下,对微腔半导体激光器的自发发射寿命调制、光子寿命调制两种调制方式进行了频域分析,得到了不同参数下的信噪比增益.数值模拟的结果表明,如带通滤波器的通带范围取为300～3 400 Hz,激光器的抗噪声性能基本不依赖于腔内参数;当带通滤波器的通带范围增大到一定程度,调整偏置电流和腔内参数可以实现两种调制下半导体激光器的高抗噪声性能.     

氮化硼薄膜的厚度对场发射特性的影响

利用射频磁控溅射方法, 在n型（100）Si基底上沉积了不同厚度（54~124 nm）的纳米氮化硼（BN）薄膜. 红外光谱分析表明, BN薄膜结构为六角BN（h-BN）相(1 380 cm^-1和780 cm^-1)结构. 在超高真空系统中测量了不 同膜厚的场发射特性, 发现阈值电压随着厚度的增加而增大. 厚度为54 nm的BN薄膜样品阈 值电场为10 V/μm, 当外加电场为23 V/μm时, 最高发射电流为240 μA/cm². BN薄膜场发射F-N曲线表明, 在外加电场作用下, 电子隧穿了BN薄膜表面势垒发射到真空.     

Effect of hydrogen attack on acoustic emission behavior of low carbon steel

In order to investigate the effect of hydrogen attack degree on acoustic emission(AE) behavior of low carbon steel during tensiling, specimens made of Low carbon steel was exposed to hydrogen gas of 18 MPa at 450 and 500℃ for 240, 480 and 720 h respectively. Experimental results show that with increase of the hydrogen attack degree, the totally AE activity decreases during tensiling. In addition, the count of AE signals with high amplitude for the specimens with hydrogen attack keeps a constant which is less than that without hydrogen attack. It is concluded that AE signals originate in the specimens with hydrogen attack from intergranular fracture induced by methane blisterings or/and microcracks on grain boundaries.     

Crack initiation ahead of piled-up of dislocations emitted from a modeⅡbluntcrack

In situ tensile tests in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) show that dislocations emitted from a mode II crack tip will form a inverse piled-up group after equilibrium or a double piled-up group when they meet a obstruction, e.g., grain boundary or second phase. A microcrack can initiates in front of the piled-up group of dislocations. Micromechanics analysis shows that dislocations emitted from a mode II blunt crack tip can form a inverse piled-up or double piled-up group, depending upon the applied stress intensity factor K_IIa, latticefriction stress and the distance of the obstruction from the crack tip L. The maximum normal stress in front of the double piled-up group which is located at the direction of α=-64° Increases with the increase in the stress intensity K_IIa and the obstruction site L, and the decrease in the friction stress. When it increases to equate the cohesive strength, a microcrack will initiate in front of the piled-up group.