Ants feeding on anal exudate from tortricid larvae: a new type of trophobiosis

A new type of trophobiosis between tortricid larvae of a hitherto unknown genus and species, and various ant species of the subfamilies Formicinae, Dolichoderinae and Myrmicinae, was found in Malaysia. The larvae live in silken shelters fixed to the leaves of bamboo. In response to mechanical stimuli from the ants, they discharge from the anus a liquid containing sugar and amino acids and/or protein. The tortricid is described as Semutophila saccharopa gen. nov., sp. nov.; a second species, S. susurra sp. nov., is described from New Guinea.     

A review of the genus Sisyrophanus Karsch 1886 (Diptera: Bombyliidae)

The Afrotropical genus Sisyrophanus Karsch is reviewed and a key is provided for the separation of the eight known species, including Sisyrophanus stylifer sp. nov. which is described from Burundi and Tanzania.     

鱼腥藻PCC7120染色体MazEF同源基因对asr0757/alr0758的初步研究

鱼腥藻PCC7120染色体上的基因对asr0757/alr0758,经NCBI比对显示其与大肠杆菌中的毒素-抗毒素基因Maz EF具有较高的同源性,且具有毒素-抗毒素系统基因的保守遗传结构,为研究其是否属于Maz EF家族系统基因,构建同时含有asr0757和alr0758基因的双启动子选择性表达载体,先选择性诱导了该基因对的表达,再验证了其表达产物对细菌生长的影响.结果显示:成功诱导表达出了目的蛋白asr0757(13.5KD)和alr0758(17.5KD),当单独诱导asr0757基因表达时,细菌生长状况不受影响,单独诱导alr0758表达时细菌生长明显受到抑制,同时诱导asr0757和alr0758基因时细菌生长恢复正常,说明asr0757/alr0758构成具有生物功能的Maz EF家族系统基因对,具有毒性与抗毒性功能.     

一株软骨霉状菌的纯化方法

从武夷山的一枯枝上分离得到了一株稀有软骨霉状菌,在培养过程中发现,该株黏细菌在人工培养基上只有在与一种未知的细菌共培养的状态下才能长出典型的子实体并保持菌种的活力.然而要从共培养的菌落中纯化这株黏细菌,使用常规的黏细菌纯化技术几乎是不可能.在这种情况下对伴生细菌进行16SrDNA菌种鉴定,再根据鉴定为施氏假单胞菌(Ps...     

Integrative taxonomy at the nexus of population divergence and speciation in insular speckled rattlesnakes

ABSTRACT

We describe two diminutive species of rattlesnakes (genus Crotalus) from small nearshore islands off the coast of Baja California in the western Gulf of California, Mexico. In order to test the hypothesis that some island populations represent cohesive species entities, we applied linear discriminant analysis and uniform validation procedures to multiple classes of intrinsic trait data. By using previously recognised species to establish a threshold for species recognition, we found that assignment of specimens to either new species was as probable as with other established rattlesnake species within the speckled rattlesnake (Crotalus mitchellii) complex. We also found that assignment of specimens from other island populations was not as probable as for the established species, and these populations are referable to C. pyrrhus. The species endemic to Piojo Island is most closely related to other island and mainland populations of C. pyrrhus whereas the species endemic to Cabeza de Caballo Island is apparently most closely related to C. angelensis, a nearby island endemic of large body size. However, patterns from both mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies, and phenotypic variation, indicate that evolutionary trajectories of both of these species have been influenced by introgression from C. angelensis. We speculate that collective evidence based on contrasting patterns of nuclear and mitochondrial evolution supports a hybrid origin of the species from Cabeza de Caballo Island followed by exceptionally rapid mitochondrial evolution. Consistent with small body size, both species show a reduction in various scale counts relative to other species of the C. mitchellii species complex, suggesting that dwarfism is not simply a plastic response to insular conditions.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn.lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FBC8A11B-04A3-4231-85CA-3972DF5A42FF     

A new species of Friesea (Collembola: Neanuridae) from the Antarctic Continent

A new species of Friesea was found in East Antarctica and is described here as Friesea eureka sp. nov. This is the first new collembolan species to be described from the Antarctic continent in 30 years, even though ice-free areas have been intensively surveyed over that time. It brings to five the number of described species of the genus Friesea known from the Antarctic continent and Peninsula, so is the most speciose genus of Collembola in the region. However, one of these, F. grisea Schäffer, comprises a number of cryptic species of different molecular lineages. The new species is distinguished by having 4 + 4 ocelli plus 1 + 1 hardly visible, a very reduced furca, up to four or five faintly clavate tenent hairs, four anal spines and four spinose chaetae in adult. The restricted distribution of the species emphasises the importance of protecting ice-free areas on the continent as they often contain at least one locally endemic faunal species

www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:865B9AE6-0428-4364-99A4-AF38A764D6D9     

一株内生真菌的原生质体制备及再生过程研究

通过对酶系组成和酶解条件的研究,得出了制备禾本科植物内生真菌Neotyphodiumsp.原生质体的最佳条件:鲜菌丝由10.3%蔗糖溶液预处理,酶系组成为1.5%崩溃酶、1.0%蜗牛酶、1.0%纤维素酶和2.0%溶菌酶,酶解温度32℃,pH 6.8,酶解5 h,原生质体得率达7.3×103个/mg鲜菌丝.另外,液体再生涂布平板法结合钙离子作用可使原生质体再生率达4.72%,为不含钙离子处理组的2.5倍.     

Genus Baseodiscus (Nemertea: Heteronemertea): Molecular identification of a new species in a phylogenetic context

A new heteronemertean, Baseodiscus jonasii sp. nov., is described from Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. It resembles B. delineatus in inner morphology but can be distinguished from this species by its different colour pattern and differences in the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. The monophyletic status of the genus is investigated by reconstructing the phylogeny of six specimens from four species assigned to this genus, together with 22 specimens from nine other heteronemertean genera, using parsimony and Bayesian analysis. The results imply that Baseodiscus is a monophyletic group while several other heteronemertean genera are non‐monophyletic.