基于元胞自动机的30CrMo钢动态再结晶组织演变规律研究

根据30CrMo钢的热模拟实验数据,建立了基于动态再结晶物理机制的位错密度、形核率及晶粒长大模型,并采用元胞自动机(CA)方法模拟了30CrMo钢在不同温度及应变速率下的微观组织演变规律。结果显示,通过CA方法模拟得到30CrMo钢的流变应力曲线及平均晶粒尺寸均与实验值吻合较好,所建模型的有效性和准确性得到验证。当应变速率一定时,变形温度越高越利于动态再结晶的充分进行,稳态下晶粒尺寸相对较大;而当变形温度一定时,高应变速率条件下材料的形核率较大,再结晶晶粒较细小。     

超重力法制备的LDH涂层对镁合金耐蚀性的提升作用

采用超重力法在旋转填充床（RPB）中制备富马酸根与柠檬酸根复配插层的层状双氢氧化物（LDH）浆液,然后进行水热处理,在AZ31镁合金表面生长出富马酸根与柠檬酸根插层的LDH涂层。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）对LDH粉末进行表征,利用X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对AZ31镁合金表面的LDH涂层进行表征,结果证明成功制备出富马酸根与柠檬酸根插层的LDH涂层。使用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）观察LDH涂层的外观形貌,通过电化学试验测试了生长LDH涂层的AZ31镁合金的耐腐蚀性能,结果表明,采用超重力法制备的含有富马酸根与柠檬酸根插层的LDH涂层表面生成完整、致密的覆盖层,几乎看不到簇立状的LDH片。与共沉淀法相比,使用超重力法制备的LDH涂层,其动电位极化曲线拟合出的腐蚀电位更大,腐蚀电流密度更小。在3.5% NaCl溶液中浸泡96 h后,采用超重力法制备的含有富马酸根与柠檬酸根插层的LDH涂层的阻抗值R_ct为56.69kΩ·cm²,大于仅浸泡1 h的采用共沉淀法制备的不含富马酸根与柠檬酸根插层的LDH涂层（R_ct为49.45kΩ·cm²）,表明超重力法制备的LDH涂层表现出更好的耐腐蚀性。     

先进高强钢DP590焊缝的组织特征和力学性能改善

The effects of the welding current mode in resistance spot welding on the microstructure and mechanical properties of advanced high-strength steel dual-phase 590 (DP590) sheets were investigated. Results showed that a rough martensitic structure was formed in the weld zone of the sample welded via the single-pulsed mode, whereas the microstructure in the heat-affected zone consisted of a very rough martensitic microstructure and rough ferrite. However, using the secondary pulse mode led to the formation of tempered martensite in the weld zone. The maximum load and the energy absorption to failure of the samples with the secondary pulsed cycle were higher than those of the samples with the single-pulsed mode. Tensile shear results indicated that the secondary pulsed mode could significantly change the mode of failure upon shear tension testing. Therefore, the obtained results suggest that the use of secondary pulsed mode can improve the microstructural feature and mechanical properties of advanced high-strength steel DP590 welds.     

原位纳米增强高强韧钢氢脆性能研究

We investigated the critical influence of in-situ nanoparticles on the mechanical properties and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of high-strength steel. The results reveal that the mechanical strength and elongation of quenched and tempered steel (919 MPa yield strength, 17.11% elongation) are greater than those of hot-rolled steel (690 MPa yield strength, 16.81% elongation) due to the strengthening effect of in-situ Ti₃O₅–Nb(C,N) nanoparticles. In addition, the HE susceptibility is substantially mitigated to 55.52%, approximately 30% lower than that of steels without in-situ nanoparticles (84.04%), which we attribute to the heterogeneous nucleation of the Ti₃O₅ nanoparticles increasing the density of the carbides. Compared with hard TiN inclusions, the spherical and soft Al₂O₃–MnS core–shell inclusions that nucleate on in-situ Al₂O₃ particles could also suppress HE. In-situ nanoparticles generated by the regional trace-element supply have strong potential for the development of high-strength and hydrogen-resistant steels.     

高低刃脚异形钢围堰水力作用数值研究

建造桥梁深水桥墩多采用围堰施工,作用于围堰的水荷载是控制围堰结构设计及其下沉施工安全性和稳定性的关键因素,当前设计规范对围堰水力作用的考虑十分粗略。为探明某桥墩高低刃脚异形钢围堰施工过程中的水荷载特征,采用计算流体动力学方法分析围堰绕流流场,基于河道横断面地形资料足尺构建三维流体域,运用重叠网格技术高效建模模拟钢围堰下沉过程。研究结果表明,围堰两侧存在局部流动加速且呈不对称分布,围堰深水侧水流速度相对更大,围堰下方下游侧流速随河流深度增加呈降低趋势;围堰外表面压强除迎流侧为正压外,其余大部分均为负压,各区域负压随着下沉深度增加而逐步增大;下沉初期绕流场受围堰及护筒双重影响,随着围堰逐渐下沉至河床底,护筒影响逐步消失;流场各区域湍流强度随着下沉深度的增加整体呈现出先增大后减小的变化规律,最终最大湍流强度区域稳定于堰尾。围堰阻力系数及侧向力系数几乎不受来流流速影响,进一步验证了其无量纲性;阻力及侧向力随来流流速增大而增大;阻力随入水深度增大而增大,侧向力也整体表现出类似规律,但在入水深度8 m处受围堰异形区段三维流动效应影响,出现侧向力局部极小值的反常现象。     

深井含硫工况C110套管环境开裂及表面防护技术

深井地质复杂、井眼轨迹变化大且面临高温高压含硫等苛刻工况,套管面临磨损、腐蚀损伤、断裂失效等各类风险,针对套管C110服役于含硫腐蚀环境且承受高水平拉应力时频繁发生环境敏感断裂的问题,采用慢应变速率拉伸实验（SSRT）法,研究了表面电镀Ni-W合金的套管C110在某气田模拟地层水中的环境开裂行为,分析研究表面电镀Ni-W合金对套管C110抵抗环境敏感开裂的防护效果。结果表明,套管C110在该模拟地层水中环境开裂敏感性较高,即使腐蚀速率较低仍存在环境开裂风险,且在慢应变速率拉应力作用下呈现典型脆性断裂特征;表面电镀Ni-W合金后套管C110的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别提高2.3%和6.3%;当表面电镀Ni-W合金并经过热处理后,套管C110在模拟地层水中的抗拉强度、屈服强度、断后延伸率和应变能均明显提高、环境开裂敏感性降低,断裂方式转变为韧-脆混合型断裂,说明在套管C110表面电镀Ni-W合金并进行热处理的方式,能够有效抑制套管C110发生腐蚀、开裂及破坏的风险,显著提升其抵抗环境开裂的能力及其在深井复杂含硫工况中的适用性。     

In-depth analysis of the fatigue mechanism induced by inclusions for high-strength bearing steels

A numerical study of stress distribution and fatigue behavior in terms of the effect of voids adjacent to inclusions was conducted with finite element modeling simulations under different assumptions.Fatigue mechanisms were also analyzed accordingly.The results showed that the effects of inclusions on fatigue life will distinctly decrease if the mechanical properties are close to those of the steel matrix.For the inclusions,which are tightly bonded with the steel matrix,when the Young’s modulus is larger than that of the steel matrix,the stress will concentrate inside the inclusion;otherwise,the stress will concentrate in the steel matrix.If voids exist on the interface between inclusions and the steel matrix,their effects on the fatigue process differ with their positions relative to the inclusions.The void on one side of an inclusion perpendicular to the fatigue loading direction will aggravate the effect of inclusions on fatigue behavior and lead to a sharp stress concentration.The void on the top of inclusion along the fatigue loading direction will accelerate the debonding between the inclusion and steel matrix.     

Dynamic mass variation and multiphase interaction among steel,slag, lining refractory and nonmetallic inclusions: Laboratory experiments and mathematical prediction

The mass transfer among the multiphase interactions among the steel, slag, lining refractory, and nonmetallic inclusions during the refining process of a bearing steel was studied using laboratory experiments and numerical kinetic prediction. Experiments on the system with and without the slag phase were carried out to evaluate the influence of the refractory and the slag on the mass transfer. A mathematical model coupled the ion and molecule coexistence theory, coupled-reaction model, and the surface renewal theory was established to predict the dy-namic mass transfer and composition transformation of the steel, the slag, and nonmetallic inclusions in the steel. During the refining process, Al2O3 inclusions transformed into MgO inclusions owing to the mass transfer of [Mg] at the steel/refractory interface and (MgO) at the slag/re-fractory interface. Most of the aluminum involved in the transport entered the slag and a small part of the aluminum transferred to lining re-fractory, forming the Al2O3 or MgO·Al2O3. The slag had a significant acceleration effect on the mass transfer. The mass transfer rate (or the re-action rate) of the system with the slag was approximately 5 times larger than that of the system without the slag. In the first 20 min of the re-fining, rates of magnesium mass transfer at the steel/inclusion interface, steel/refractory interface, and steel/slag interface were x, 1.1x, and 2.2x, respectively. The composition transformation of inclusions and the mass transfer of magnesium and aluminum in the steel were predicted with an acceptable accuracy using the established kinetic model.     

Discharge properties of Mg–Sn–Y alloys as anodes for Mg-air batteries

Mg–Sn–Y alloys with different Sn contents (wt%) were assessed as anode candidates for Mg-air batteries. The relationship between microstructure (including the second phase, grain size, and texture) and discharge properties of the Mg–Sn–Y alloys was examined using mi-crostructure observation, electrochemical measurements, and galvanostatic discharge tests. The Mg–0.7Sn–1.4Y alloy had a high steady dis-charge voltage of 1.5225 V and a high anodic efficiency of 46.6% at 2.5 mA·cm?2. These good properties were related to its microstructure:small grain size of 3.8 μm, uniform distribution of small second phase particles of 0.6 μm, and a high content (vol%) of (11(2)0)/(10(1)0) orient-ated grains. The scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) indicated that the Sn3Y5 and MgSnY phases were effective cathodes caus-ing micro-galvanic corrosion which promoted the dissolution of Mg matrix during the discharge process.     

预应力钢丝绳-聚合物砂浆面层抗弯加固持荷RC梁数值分析及承载力计算

建立预应力钢丝绳-聚合物砂浆面层抗弯加固钢筋混凝土(RC)梁的有限元模型(FEM),并利用已有的试验数据验证模型的准确性.基于有限元模型,进行不同持荷比下加固梁的力学性能研究.结果表明:建立的有限元模型可较好地解决持荷条件下钢丝绳-聚合物砂浆面层与RC梁之间单元不协调变形等问题;随着持荷比的提高,加固梁的极限承载力提高幅度逐渐减小;当预加载低于未加固梁极限承载力的20%时,混凝土损伤较小,不考虑预加载的影响;当预加载高于未加固梁极限承载力的20%时,需考虑加固材料滞后应变对加固试件极限承载力的影响.基于平截面假定和钢丝绳滞后应变,提出抗弯加固持荷RC梁的极限承载力计算公式,其计算结果与数值分析结果吻合良好.