Gemini表面活性剂18—3—18与磷脂DPPC在气液界面的混合性质

Gemini表面活性剂作为基因转染的非病毒载体受到国内外学者的广泛关注,其传递过程与细胞膜密切相关。通过Langmuir膜天平测得Gemini表面活性剂18—3—18与磷脂类表面活性剂DPPC混合膜的表面压力与平均分子面积（π-A）等温线,定量分析了平均分子面积（Am）、混合单分子膜的过剩面积（Aex）、过剩吉布斯自由能（△Gex）、混合表面自由能（△Gmix）及相互作用参数等,确定了单层膜的混合性质,并在此基础上研究了18318与DPPC相互作用。用原子力显微镜（AFM）观察了相应LB膜的表面形貌。结果表明：18—3—18与DPPC的物质的量之比及膜压对单层膜的稳定性、热力学特性及它们之间的相互作用有显著影响。特别地,在XDPPC为0．20和0．67时,18—3—18与DPPC混合膜的△Gcx和△Gmix出现了两个极值点,这表明在xDPPC为0．20～0．67之间时,混合膜会出现相分离,与AFM结果一致。     

胶原蛋白在LB膜上的吸附行为研究

基底的性质和制备方法对吸附胶原层的超分子自组装过程有很大的影响,将一种Gemini表面活性剂C18H37(CH3)2N+-(CH2)12-N+(CH3)2C18H37·2Br-(简写为18-12-18)利用LB技术在零压下转移到云母片上制成基底,浸入到pH值为3.0的胶原溶液中37℃恒温吸附不同的时间,样品用原子力显微镜(AFM)进行表征。结果表明:在恒温过程中,LB膜上的表面活性剂分子会发生移动和翻转,胶原分子优先吸附在LB膜上形成单层网状结构,随吸附时间的延长,胶原分子也会在云母上发生吸附,最后两者会交织成无序的胶原纤维。     

Mirror SUrface Grinding of Steel Bonded Carbides

The steel bonded carbide, a composite material, is very difficult to be machined to a fine finish mirror surface. In this paper, an electrolytic in-process dressing (ELID) grinding with metallic bond super-hard abrasive wheel was developed for grinding steel bonded carbide GT35. Factors affecting ELID grinding performance were analyzed by an atomic force microscope (AFM). Based on the analysis of AFM topography of the fine ground mirror surface of the steel bonded carbide, a schematic diagram of the mechanism of micro-removal of the ground surface was described. The AFM topography also shows that the hard brittle carbide particles, on the surface of steel bonded carbide, were machined out by ductile cutting. Since the grinding cracks in the ground surface are due to temperature gradient, temperature distribution in the grinding area was analyzed by finite element method (FEM). Experimental results indicate that a good mirror surface with Ra<0.02pm can be obtained by the developed ELID grinding system.     

Analogic China map constructed by DNA

In this research,a nanoscale DNA structure of analogic China map is created. The nanostructure of roughly 150 nm in diameter with a spatial resolution of 6 nm is purely constructed by folding DNA. The picture observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) is almost identical with the de-signed shape. The DNA origami technology invented by Rothemund in 2006 is employed in the construc-tion of this shape,which has proved the capability of constructing almost any complicated shape enabled by DNA origami,and provides new bottom-up method for constructing nanostructures.     

Chemical components and microtopography of （100） surface for orthopyroxene

XPS and AES depth composition profile studies were carried on to understand chemical components of (100) surfaces for Chengde hypersthene from Hebei Province, China, and Bamble enstatite from Norway. Also, to understand the microtopography of them the AFM observation was carried on. There are obvious differences between chemical components of (100) surface and those of mineral inner. Compared with inner mineral Si^4 proportion in total cations has no distinguished variation, whereas Ca^2 and Al^3 proportions increase respectively, and Mg^2 proportion decreases. AES depth composition prof‘de of 2000s shows that at a depth of 70 nm the atomic concentrations (%) for each element (except Si in Chengde hypersthene) slightly go up and down, but the average values have no obvious change. On the profile, the atomic concentrations (%) of Al and Si for Chengde hypersthene present a compensated relationship. Obviously, the Si and Al must have the relationship of isomorphic replacement on the (100) surface. The image of AFM shows that there is hillock growth on the (100) surface in the layered form of the polygon with 0 to several hundreds nm in thickness. The growth is a sort of secondary phyllosilicate minerals. The observation of the above-mentioned phenomenon and the recognition on the above regularities are benefit for understanding of the mechanism for weathering and water-rock reactions.     

应用原子力显微镜研究热塑性聚氨酯的微相分离

用一步法在密炼机中合成了热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)。在原子力显微镜(AFM)下观察其微相分离情况。结果表明，TPU具有明显的微相分离现象，其软硬段形成了长程有序，具有规则周期的微区结构，交替排列分布。利用AFM中的相图可以准确判断TPU中的两相归属，不受其他因素的干扰。TPU中的两相结构随硬段含量的增加而变化，由硬段为分散相转变为软硬段双连续相结构，继而转变成为硬段为连续相结构。对TPU在一定热处理温度下发生的性能变化作了原子力显微镜观察，发现在一定的热处理温度下，TPU的微相分离程度发生了变化。     

Folding patterns of chromatin in chicken erythrocyte studied by using AFM and TEM

Four folding patterns (～15, ～30-40, ～60 and ～90-110 nm) of the higher_order structure of chromatin in chicken erythrocytes have been observed with an atomic force microscope (AFM) under near natural conditions. Results showed that the chromatin in the interphase nucleus of chicken erythrocyte was not in a disorganized form but represented a higher_order conformation. The thin sections of the chromatin in the nucleus of chicken erythrocyte were examined with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Compared with TEM, AFM had the advantages that the samples did not need the preparation procedures such as fixing, sectioning and staining, and thus were closer to their native condition.