温差法制备纳米气泡及温度的影响

通过一系列的实验建立了利用冷水（4±0.1℃）和热水（25～40℃）进行替换即温差法制备界面纳米气泡的方法.原子力显微镜（AFM）观察显示：温差法也能在疏水的高序热解石墨（HOPG）表面上产生稳定的纳米气泡.统计结果显示：热水温度在25～38℃范围内,产生纳米气泡的数量随着热水温度的升高而增多,当热水温度为38℃左右时达到最大值,之后随着热水温度的升高反而减少;每平方微米纳米气泡气体的总体积在37℃时达到最大值;温差法也能产生纳米气层和双层结构,其性质与前人发现的一致.     

壳聚糖与DNA相互作用的单分子方法研究

利用原子力显微镜与磁镊技术研究不同浓度的壳聚糖与多种DNA分子的作用,对其凝聚形态及力谱曲线进行观察。在恒力情况下,壳聚糖与DNA的电荷比k分别为3和4时,从DNA的力谱曲线上可以看见0.2~0.5μm左右的跳跃阶梯及线性增长区域,原因可能是壳聚糖-DNA聚合物中出现了环状、棒状及球状结构;利用原子力显微镜观察壳聚糖与λ-DNA及bpr322-DNA作用后的凝聚形态,发现随着壳聚糖与DNA电荷比k的增加,球状与棒状聚合物的比例明显减小,而且凝聚物的尺寸也整体减小。最后根据实验结果,建立了壳聚糖导致DNA构象变化的直观模型。     

Micro-friction of diazoresin/polyacrylic acid self-assembly films in water with atomic force microscopy

Ultrathin films composed of diazoresin（DR）and polyacrylic acid（PAA）were fabricated.The surface morphology of the films in water was measured using an atomic force microscopy（AFM）.The self-assembly technique makes the surface rather flat and uniform.The friction force and its dependence on the velocity differ from the surface charge of the thin films.The friction force of repulsive DR/PAA film increases linearly with velocity and has lower values than that of attractive DR film over the full range of velocity.As the velocity increases,the attractive friction of DR film first decreases to a minimum at a velocity of 2 line/s and then increases all the way.When the surface is repulsive to the friction substrate,the friction of thin films that is determined by hydrated lubrication of polymer chains that is ultralubricated;when it is adhesive to the friction substrate,the friction is mainly contributed from the elastic deformation of adsorbed polymer chains in the low velocity region and from viscous sliding in the presence of hydrated-layer lubrication of the polymer chains in the higher velocity region.     

有机溶剂对纳滤膜结构及透过特性的影响

观察了两种纳滤膜(NF-SH,MPF-44)的稳定性,并利用原子力电镜技术(AFM)观察膜的活性表面结构,发现有机溶剂导致膜结构发生显变化。观测在溶剂中的传递通量以及溶质截留率发现,影响NF-SH膜的通量的主要因素是膜本身的结构;对MPF-44膜,影响膜通量的主要因素是溶剂性质。对于这两种纳滤膜影响截留率的主要因素都是溶剂与溶质的相互作用。     

AFM对TiN薄膜和聚酰亚胺微观结构的分析

论述了一种高精度的原子力显微镜AFM．IPC-208B型机在分子形态学方面的应用．以磁控溅射获得的TiN薄膜和普通的聚酰亚胺纤维为例,从原子力显微镜测得的三维图上探析该TiN薄膜的优先生长面及其在优先生长面上的原子排布和聚酰亚胺的表面形态．这种实验不仅鉴定了测试材料的微观形态,也充分肯定了该原子力显微镜原子量级的精度及其在微观结构领域的潜在发展,为该机应用于微加工领域奠定了基础．     

Flaking and degradation of polyurethane coatings after 2 years of outdoor exposure in Lhasa

The exposure of a high gloss polyurethane aircraft topcoat system with polyurethane intermediate coating and epoxy primer to strong ultraviolet radiation in Lhasa, Tibet was studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Micro-flakes were found to form on the topcoat surface after exposure and the size and quantity of the flakes increased with the increase of the exposure time. The magnitude of micro-bulges and the topcoat roughness increased after a long exposure to sunlight. Flakes and micro-bulges resulted in the loss of the topcoat gloss. ATR-FTIR and XPS analysis indicated that chain scissions of the polyurea C==O group and the polyurethane C―O―C and CO―NH groups occurred, and the degradation products of NH and carbonyl groups formed due to the exposure. The breaking of the chemical structure of the polyurethane resulted in a decrease in its elasticity and in the adhesion of the flakes to its surface.     

Research on the reconstruction of fast and accurate AFM probe model

The AFM image will be distorted due to the tip-broadening effect. It may be mathematically represented as the effect of the tip’s convolution on the real image. As a result, the true geometry of the sample surface can not be obtained. If the tip shape could be known accurately, such distortion can be eliminated with the adoption of disconvolution operation. It is of practical significance in the accurate reconstruction of the AFM image. Among the current tip modeling algorithms, the blind tip estimation algorithm based on mathematical morphology is widely applied. However, it takes much time and has difficulties in defining the optimal noise threshold. In view of the above problems, this paper proposes a new blind tip evaluation method to accelerate the speed of blind tip modeling calculation and realize the accurate reconstruction of the AFM image. The simulation and the experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the above research method.     

基于AFM推动的纳米棒建模与操作

研究了AFM推动作用下纳米棒的运动情况,引入了与速度相关的黏滞摩擦力,建立了纳米棒体的运动学模型.在运动学模型的基础上,针对AFM单探针及纳米环境操作不确定性问题,对AFM探针操作参数的设置进行了讨论,提出了虚拟纳米手Z字形稳定操作策略.仿真及实验结果表明:纳米棒的运动学模型能够实时预测推动操作后棒体的瞬心位置,虚拟纳米手Z字形操作策略能够将棒体的位置误差限制在规定误差范围内,实现了纳米棒的稳定、定姿态操作.     

两株溶藻细菌对棕囊藻溶藻作用的原子力显微镜研究

细菌在赤潮生消过程中起着重要的作用.课题组从珠海赤潮发生海域采集的11株细菌中分离、筛选出2株具有显著溶藻效果的细菌.用原子力显微镜研究结果表明,2株细菌均属杆菌,形态明显不同,均可作用于球形棕囊藻,导致藻细胞破裂和胞内物质溶出而死亡,达到治理棕囊藻赤潮的目的.     

Recent development of peptide self-assembly

Amino acids are the building blocks to build peptides and proteins. Recent development in peptide synthesis has however enabled us to mimic this natural process by preparing various long and short peptides possessing different conformations and biological functions. The self-assembly of short designed peptides into molecular nanostructures is becoming a growing interest in nanobiotechnology. Self-assembled peptides exhibit several attractive features for applications in tissue regeneration, drug delivery, biological surface engineering as well as in food science, cosmetic industry and antibiotics. The aim of this review is to introduce the readers to a number of representative studies on peptide self-assembly.