“9·11”后美国中亚政策的调整及其影响

"9·11"后美国鉴于中亚的战略地位以及全球战略,全方位调整了中亚政策,分析其中亚政策调整的目标及实施手段,可以看出它给中亚各国带来了一定的积极影响,但也给中亚地区以及周边大国包括俄罗斯和中国带来了一定的负面影响。     

基于小波变换的视频编解码芯片ADV611的原理和应用

图像压缩在信息的传输中和存储中起着至关重要的作用。这篇文章论述了一般9－7双正交小波滤波器的构造方法，介绍了一个基于9－7双交小波滤波器的数字视频编解码芯片ADV611的基本结构和原理，给出了用ADV611进行视频图像压缩的实验结果。     

DLC多层膜对9Cr18微动磨损性能的影响

采用等离子体源离子注入（PSII）技术在9Cr18不锈钢基体上制备类金刚石碳膜（DLC）多层膜，比较了该多层膜与N注入层对基体微动磨损性能的影响，结果表明，注入N后，改性层内形成了CrN,Cr2N和Fe3N等氮化物相；PSII技术能够提高9Cr18不锈钢的抗微动磨损性能，实验所制备的DLC多层膜比N注入层具有更好的抗微动磨损性，这与最外层LDC膜的高硬度和低摩擦系数有关。     

改良型9Cr-1Mo钢的形变热处理强化机制

采用形变热处理技术有效地提高改良型T91 耐热钢的高温回火抗力和室温综合力学性能。该钢经形变热处理后性能提高的主要机制是细晶强化和伴随晶粒细化而产生的马氏体组织的细化以及析出物的弥散分布。     

西松烯内酯的合成研究——Ⅱ.中间体苏式-7-羟基-3,9,13-三甲基-6-异丙烯基-(2E,8E,12)-十四碳三烯苯硫醚的合成

以香叶醇为原料经过4步反应得到8-溴-3,7-二甲基-(2E,6E)-辛二烯基苯硫醚(7),(7)与(?)牛儿醛在Cr(Ⅱ)作用下立体选择地得到苏式-7-羟基-3,9,13-三甲基-6-异丙烯基-(2E,8E,12)-十四碳三烯苯硫醚.     

海洋链霉菌产生的抗生素S—111—9的研究

抗生素Ｓ－１１１－９是由分离自厦门地区红树根际海泥的一株暂定名为厦海链霉菌所产生的。对该菌发酵液含有的抗生素进行了提取、纯化、理化性质、紫外光谱、红外光谱、快原子轰击质谱、核磁共振谱及元素分析研究，结果表明它是一种碱性水溶性氨基环醇类抗生素，其分子量是６１４，分子式为Ｃ２７Ｈ６４Ｎ７Ｏ８。但与已知的氨基环醇类抗生素比较，在某些理论性质及波谱特征上均有不同，它是氨基环醇类抗生素的一个新成员。     

彗—木相撞辐射引力波的估算

选用一合理的模型，估算了１９９４年７月发生的彗（ＳＬ９）—木相撞辐射引力波的强度和功率．所得结果表明引力辐射强度远低于目前引力波检测装置所达到的灵敏度．计算过程与所得结果富有启发性     

Isolation of human epidermal stem cells by adherence and the reconstruction of skin equivalents

The isolation of human epidermal stem cells is critical for their clinical applications. In the present study, we isolated three populations of epidermal keratinocytes according to their ability to adhere to collagen type IV: i.e., rapidly adhering (RA), slowly adhering (SA), and non-adhering (NA) cells. The aim of this study was to characterize RA cells and to investigate the possibility of using these cells for epidermis reconstruction. To identify RA cells, flow cytometric analysis was performed using anti-₆ integrin and anti-CD71 antibodies. RA cells express high levels of ₆ integrin and low levels of CD71, which are considered as markers of an epidermal stem cell nature. Furthermore, electron microscopy showed that RA cells are small and have a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, whereas SA and NA cells have well-developed cellular organelles and abundant tonofilaments. Western blot analysis showed that RA cells are slow cycling and express p63, a putative epidermal stem cell marker, whereas SA and NA cells express c-Myc, which is known to regulate stem cell fate. To compare epidermal regenerative abilities, skin equivalents (SEs) were made using RA, SA, and NA cells. The epidermis constructed from RA cells was well formed compared to those formed from SA or NA cells. In addition, only SEs with RA cells expressed ₆ integrin and ₁ integrin at the basal layer. These results indicate that RA cells represent epidermal stem cells and are predominately comprised of stem cells. Therefore, the isolation of RA cells using a simple technique offers a potential route to their clinical application, because they are easily isolated and provide a high yield of epidermal stem cells.Received 2 July 2004; received after revision 20 August 2004; accepted 10 September 2004     

Horizontal gene transfer from Eukarya to Bacteria and domain shuffling: the α-amylase model

-Amylases are present in all kingdoms of the living world. Despite strong conservation of the tertiary structure, only a few amino acids are conserved in interkingdom comparisons. Animal -amylases are characterized by several typical motifs and biochemical properties. A few cases of such -amylases have been previously reported in some eubacterial species. We screened the bacterial genomes available in the sequence databases for new occurrences of animal-like -amylases. Three novel cases were found, which belong to unrelated bacterial phyla: Chloroflexus aurantiacus, Microbulbifer degradans, and Thermobifida fusca. All the animal-like -amylases in Bacteria probably result from repeated horizontal gene transfer from animals. The M. degradans genome also contains bacterial-type and plant-type -amylases in addition to the animal-type one. Thus, this species exhibits -amylases of animal, plant, and bacterial origins. Moreover, the similarities in the extra C-terminal domains (different from both the -amylase domain C and the starch-binding domain), when present, also suggest interkingdom as well as intragenomic shuffling.Received 17 October 2003; accepted 6 November 2003     

How retinoids regulate breast cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis

Breast cancer still remains a major problem in its incidence, morbidity and mortality; therefore, more effective strategies for its prevention are urgently needed. Retinoids, natural and synthetic derivatives of vitamin A, possess antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties, making them a promising class of chemopreventive agents against breast cancer. The efficacy of all-trans retinoic acid, 9-cis-retinoic acid, LGD1069 (Targretin, bexarotene), and N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (fenretinide) as breast cancer chemopreventive agents is being studied. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of action of these agents should lead to improvements in their clinical application. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which retinoids exert their antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in breast cancer cells.Received 5 January 2004; received after revision 9 February 2004; accepted 12 February 2004