橡塑合金改性沥青混合料路用性能研究

为了研究橡塑合金改性沥青混合料的路用性能,采用精密开炼机将废轮胎胶粉和废塑料制备成橡塑合金,对基质沥青及混合料进行改性,采用正交试验确定AC-13型、SMA-13型橡塑合金改性沥青混合料的成型参数,通过车辙试验、浸水马歇尔试验、冻融劈裂试验和小梁弯曲试验,对橡塑合金改性沥青混合料和废轮胎胶粉改性沥青混合料的路用性能进行对比研究。结果表明,AC-13型橡塑合金改性沥青混合料的成型参数分别为油石比4.8%、拌和温度180℃、击实温度165℃;SMA-13型橡塑合金改性沥青混合料的成型参数分别为油石比6.1%、拌和温度185℃、击实温度170℃,与废轮胎胶粉改性沥青混合料相比,橡塑合金改性沥青混合料的高温稳定性和水稳定性更好,但低温抗裂性较差。     

钛合金经皮植入式假肢骨内固定植入体表面经生物陶瓷改性后与骨整合的研究

通过对钛合金经皮植入式假肢的的骨内固定植入体表面进行生物陶瓷改性,以研究经改性过的植入体与其宿主骨整合的能力.采用羟基磷灰石喷涂和微弧氧化两种生物陶瓷改性工艺,对骨内固定植入体进行改性处理,将改性过的植入体植入山羊后腿胫骨,术后8周取标本行组织学观察,见两种生物陶瓷改性的植入体均可与宿主骨形成严密整合.计算宿主骨组织与植入体整合率,发现经生物陶瓷表面改性的植入体与宿主骨组织整合率显著高于未经生物改性的对照组植入体(p＜0.01),而羟基磷灰石喷涂组和微弧氧化组与宿主骨整合率的差别无统计学意义(p＞0.05),说明羟基磷灰石和微弧氧化两种陶瓷层都具有很强的诱导骨生成能力,经其表面改性的骨内固定植入体能与宿主骨形成紧密整合.     

AZ91D镁合金半固态浆料制备工艺

采用自行设计制造的半固态镁合金机械搅拌装置,制备了镁合金半固态浆料,研究了搅拌工艺参数对半固态镁合金组织的影响.结果表明:搅拌速率、静置时间和搅拌温度对半固态组织影响很大,搅拌速率在900r/min时,静置时间为5-10 min,搅拌温度在565～575℃时,获得的组织均匀细小;搅拌速率过大,晶粒尺寸反而有所增大;静置时间影响半固态组织中固相晶粒的长大;搅拌温度影响固相率,从而也影响到固相晶粒的圆整度.     

Microstructure,mechanical properties and wear resistance of an Al–Mg–Si alloy produced by equal channel angular pressing

Microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance in an ultrafine-grained Al–Mg–Si alloy fabricated utilizing a combination of equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) and dynamic aging were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that the grain size of the ECAP alloy was significantly refined, i.e., to ～239 nm after three ECAP passes. Meanwhile, the yield and tensile strength of the ECAPed material reached 340 MPa and445 MPa, respectively, while maintaining a significant uniform e...     

应力幅比对2A12-T4铝合金多轴疲劳裂纹萌生及扩展行为的影响

许多工程结构在服役过程中往往承受着复杂的多轴疲劳载荷,仅靠单轴载荷来简化复杂载荷状态的失效预测方法将不再适用。因此,准确预测复杂载荷下工程结构的多轴疲劳失效行为对提高结构安全性具有重要意义。疲劳裂纹萌生及扩展是疲劳失效行为最直观的反应,针对2A12-T4铝合金实心圆棒试件,在相同的等效von Mises应力幅值下,开展了不同应力幅比下的多轴疲劳试验。采用金相显微镜对试件表面裂纹萌生及扩展行为进行了观测,研究了不同应力幅比下试件表面裂纹形态及扩展路径,探讨了不同应力幅比下2A12-T4铝合金多轴疲劳失效行为。结果表明,对于2A12-T4铝合金,试件表面均存在多条裂纹,导致疲劳破坏的主裂纹只有1条;裂纹萌生方向接近于最大切应力幅值平面,裂纹扩展第Ⅰ阶段的长度与方向同时受到应力幅比的影响;主裂纹扩展路径主要沿着最大切应力幅值平面,最大切应力幅值是引起2A12-T4铝合金多轴疲劳失效的主要控制参量。     

工作电压对微弧氧化6061铝合金耐腐蚀性能的影响

【目的】为提高铝合金的耐腐蚀性能,采用交流恒压微弧氧化方法在6061铝合金表面制备金属陶瓷涂层并研究了工作电压对涂层性能的影响。【方法】采用XRD分析、SEM微观组织形貌观察、交流阻抗(EIS)测试和涂层厚度分析等方法,测试工作电压对涂层生长、物相组成、耐腐蚀性能等的影响,分析其影响机理。【结果】6061铝合金微弧氧化涂层表面为疏松多孔的"火山口喷射"形貌,当工作电压小于450V时,涂层的厚度随着工作电压的增加而增大,火山口状放电孔数增加,涂层主要相为β?Al2O3和少量α?Al2O3;工作电压大于450V后,火山口状放电孔数减少而孔径增大,并且工作电压增大到500V时涂层开始出现微裂纹,耐腐蚀性先增强后减弱。【结论】工作电压为450V时制备的涂层,疏松层放电微孔电阻Rp和基体金属腐蚀反应的电荷转移电阻Rct分别为2.875×106Ω·cm2和7.575×106Ω·cm2,比制备的其他涂层具有更好的耐腐蚀性能。     

皮秒Nd:YAG激光对生物金属纯Ti和Ti–13Nb–13Zr合金的表面改性

The effects of picosecond Nd:YAG laser irradiation on chemical and morphological surface characteristics of the commercially pure titanium and Ti–13Nb–13Zr alloy in air and argon atmospheres were studied under different laser output energy values. During the interaction of laser irradiation with the investigated materials, a part of the energy was absorbed on the target surface, influencing surface modifications. Laser beam interaction with the target surface resulted in various morphological alterations, resulting in crater formation and the presence of microcracks and hydrodynamic structures. Moreover, different chemical changes were induced on the target materials’ surfaces, resulting in the titanium oxide formation in the irradiation-affected area and consequently increasing the irradiation energy absorption. Given the high energy absorption at the site of interaction, the dimensions of the surface damaged area increased. Consequently, surface roughness increased. The appearance of surface oxides also led to the increased material hardness in the surface-modified area. Observed chemical and morphological changes were pronounced after laser irradiation of the Ti–13Nb–13Zr alloy surface.     

Microstructure and improved mechanical properties of ultrafine-grained Mo-12Si-8.5B (at.%) alloys with addition of ZrB2

Multi-hierarchical Mo-12Si-8.5B-x Zr B_2(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.5 wt%)alloys consisting of three ultrafine-grained(UFG,0.47–0.81μm)phases of Mo_5Si B_2(T2),Mo_3Si and Mo solid solution(α-Mo)were prepared by mechanical alloying following hot pressing.Microstructure observations showed that the intermetallic phases(Mo_3Si and T2)distributed dispersedly in the continuousα-Mo matrix associated with the homogeneously embedded nanoscaled particles(10–225 nm)in the grain interiors and at the grain boundaries.The Mo-12Si-8.5B-x Zr B_2alloys exhibited monotonically increasing compressive strength to 3.13 GPa with increasing content of Zr B_2,and the fracture toughness increased about 27%and reached at 11.5 MPa m~(1/2)at 1.0 wt%Zr B_2,rendering the Mo-12Si-8.5B-1.0 wt%Zr B_2alloy possessing the best combined mechanical properties of high strength and high toughness.The underlying reason for the superior mechanical properties of the Mo-12Si-8.5B-x Zr B_2alloys is that the dispersedly distributed nanosized particles in the UFG multi-phased-matrix can not only effectively block the dislocation motion to increase the strength but also store the dislocations to increase the strain hardening ability during mechanical deformation.     

如何快速制得大量甲烷

本文对教材中的甲烷制取演示实验,从改进装置着手,对温度、药品的配比及用量进行了研究,取得了较好的效果,可快速、大量地制取甲烷。     

石墨炉原子发射法测定饮料中的铝

石墨炉原子发射法(GFAES)是近年来发展起来的一种新的分析方法,该法对某些易激发元素(如K、Na、Ba、Al等)的测定灵敏度和稳定性皆优于石墨炉原子吸收法(GFAAS).本文在非火焰原子吸收装置上,对铝的GFAES法测定进行了较详细的研究,并通过测定不同包装的同类饮料中铝的含量,考察了方法的可靠性和精度,结果发现,该法完全可用于饮料中微量铝的测定.当被测溶液中铝的含量在0.00～0.25ppm时,铝的发射强度与浓度呈线性关系.加入回收试验表明,方法的回收率达96.0%～102.0%,对饮料中常见的各种成份进行干扰试验,发现100倍的K~+、Na~+、Ca~(++)、Mg~(++)、CO_3~-和50倍的柠檬酸,苯甲酸等不干扰铝的测定.