研磨条件对Ni_(50)Ti_(50)合金非晶化过程的影响

采用机械合金化方法将元素粉末制成Ni_(50)Ti_(50)非晶合金。X射线衍射用来跟踪非晶化进程,差热分析用来测定非晶的晶化结晶温度。实验结果表明,当采用15∶1的球料比和1.7～2.8m/s的研磨速度时能够获得典型的X射线衍射谱线。杂质铁每小时平均增加速率约为0.03%。差热分析测得的晶化结晶温度为530℃左右,但当加热时间为1h时,晶化结晶温度降至428℃左右,说明等温退火明显降低非晶的稳定性。     

镉对草鱼的急性毒性效应及SOD的影响

以静水生物测试法研究了氯化镉对草鱼的急性毒性效应及其肝胰脏、肾脏和鳃组织的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的影响.结果表明:镉对草鱼的急性毒性作用时间为24,48,72和96 h的半数致死质量浓度(LC50)分别是45.58,34.81,28.63和24.05 mg.L-1,因此镉对草鱼的生态毒性为高毒.Cd2+低浓度时,肝胰脏和肾脏组织SOD活性均为"先降后升再降",而Cd2+为高浓度时SOD活性始终处于被显著抑制(p<0.05);鳃组织在低Cd2+污染时SOD活性为"先降后升",而高浓度的Cd2+污染时其SOD活性为"先降后升再降".但是草鱼鳃组织的SOD活性明显低于肝胰脏和肾脏的SOD活性.     

Understanding of the influence of process parameters on the heat transfer behavior at the metal/die interface in high pressure die casting process

The current paper focuses on the influence of the process parameters on the peak values of the interfacial heat transfer coefficient(IHTC)at metal/die interface during high pressure die casting(HPDC)process.A"step shape"casting and AM50 alloy were used during the experiment.The IHTC was determined by solving the inverse thermal problem based on the measured temperature inside the die.Results show that the initial die surface temperature(IDST,TDI)has a dominant influence while the casting pressure and fast shot velocity have a secondary influence on the IHTC peak values.By curve fitting,it was found that the IHTC peak value(hmax)changes as a function of the IDST in a manner of hmax=e αTγ DI .Such relationship between the IHTC peak value and the IDST can also be found when the casting alloy is ADC12,indicating that this phenomenon is a common characteristic in the HPDC process.     

Structure and magnetic properties of Ni50Mn35In15 thin film

Thin film of Ni50Mn35In15 Heusler alloy was prepared on Mg O(001) substrate by epitaxial growth in an ultra-high vacuum(UHV) chamber by a Pulsed Laser Deposition(PLD) method. The epitaxial growth process was monitored by in situ reflection high energy electron diffraction(RHEED) and the structure of the film was checked by ex situ X-ray diffraction(XRD), which indicates that high quality Ni50Mn35In15 single crystal film with a face-centered-cubic(fcc) structure could be stabilized on Mg O(001). Magnetic property measurement was also conducted at various temperatures by using physical property measurement system(PPMS). A significant exchange bias was observed for Ni50Mn35In15 film,and the strength of the exchange bias field(HEB) increases with the decrease of temperature. Such a behavior can be ascribed to the fact that the interfacial spin interaction between ferromagnetic(FM) and antiferromagnetic(AFM) cluster is enhanced with the decrease of temperature.     

应用Logistic方程确定杏枝条低温半致死温度的研究

以杏树１年生枝条为材料,对４０个杏品种进行了抗寒性研究。结果表明,电导法测定杏抗寒性结果稳定、可靠。以－２４～－４０℃处理的电解质渗出率,配以Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ方程、多数品种具有较好的拟合度,方程代表的“Ｓ”型曲线拐点可以看作是杏休眠枝的临界致死温度,对４０个样本用恢复生长法验证与ＬＴ５０结果基本一致。     

乙酰胆碱结构含磷类似物的定量构效关系的最大重叠布居研究

在前文中,我们初步提出了一个涉及农药分子整体结构的新型定量构效关系的抽象表达式。为了具体运用该式,我们首先优化了乙酰胆碱分子的几何构型,并对一些生物活性很好的与乙酰胆碱分子结构特征相似的有机磷酸酯分子进行了构象分析和部分电荷分布计算,从而定性说明了个别分子的抗胆碱酯酶活性。本文运用前文构象分析所得到的分子几何构型,进行全面的最大重叠布居原理的计算,求出各分子中每个原子的净电荷(其中求     

拟除虫菊酯对松林内几种天敌的毒性测定

<正>本研究用拟除虫菊脂(2.5％溴氰菊脂及20％杀灭菊脂)对松林内常见的6种马尾松毛虫天敌进行了室内毒性测定。试验结果表明:20％杀灭菊脂(40,100ppm)对异色瓢虫幼虫、成虫有较高接触毒性,但对蠋敌若虫、成虫及黑大蚁的接触毒性较低,且均低于80％敌敌畏(200,400ppm)。两种菊脂的常量喷雾对天敌有较高毒性,而超低容量喷雾除对龟纹瓢虫、寄蝇外毒性均较低。两种菊脂对黑大蚁及异色瓢虫3龄幼虫的选择性比值远小于1,说明它们对马尾松毛虫4龄幼虫具有高毒性,而对黑大蚁及异色瓢虫幼虫则相对较安全(LC_(50)毒性相差13.6～75.1倍; LC_(90)毒性相差62.8～164.7倍)。     

Cu（Ⅱ）对大型溞的急性毒作用及其生理生化指标影响

为了研究水体中Cu（Ⅱ）对大型溞的急性毒理作用及其生理生化指标影响,在三种条件下（自然光,强光照,振荡）,将大型溞暴露于Cu（Ⅱ）的9个浓度组和1个对照组进行48h的急性毒性试验,得到24h和48h的半数致死浓度（LC50）.再将成熟的大型溞暴露于4个浓度组和1个对照组进行48h的暴露试验,测定超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性、可溶性蛋白和可溶性总糖的含量,将实验数据进行单因素方差分析（OneWay ANOVA）后,结果显示：随着暴露时间的延长,Cu（Ⅱ）的毒性增强（24 h-LC50为248.9μg·L-1,48 h-LC50为134.6μg·L-1）;强光照组和振荡组的48 h-LC50低于自然光组;SOD酶活性在Cu（Ⅱ）低浓度时高于对照组,高浓度时低于对照组,且差异显著（除160μg·L-1外）;POD酶活性先增加后降低,在Cu（Ⅱ）浓度为240μg·L-1时达到峰值,各处理组均高于对照组,且差异显著;各处理组的可溶性蛋白含量均低于对照组,呈递减趋势,与对照组相比,差异显著;在Cu（Ⅱ）浓度为80μg·L-1时,可溶性总糖含量最高,高于对照组,其他处理组均低于对照,统计分析结果同SOD.实验结果表明振荡和强光照会影响Cu（Ⅱ）对大型溞的毒性,SOD、POD和可溶性蛋白含量的变化趋势与文献报道基本一致,可溶性总糖的变化有待进一步研究.     

Pb~(2+)和Cu~(2+)对水螅的急性毒性作用以及对SOD活性的影响

采用急性毒性实验方法研究了不同质量浓度的Pb2+和Cu2+对水螅急性毒性作用(LC50),并且测定了经Pb2+和Cu2+胁迫后水螅体内SOD的变化.结果表明,2种重金属离子毒性大小顺序为Cu2+Pb2+.Cu2+和Pb2+对水螅24,48,72,96h的LC50分别为0.33,0.28,0.24,0.22mg/L和2.17,2.05,1.58,1.04mg/L,其安全质量浓度分别为0.022mg/L和0.104mg/L.通过0.6,0.7mg/L的Pb2+溶液对水螅SOD的24h实验起抑制作用,与对照组相比,SOD活性急剧下降,变化显著(P0.05);0.7,1.5,2.0mg/L的高质量浓度溶液对水螅SOD活性基本上没有变化.通过0.15,0.20,0.25,0.30,0.35mg/L的Cu2+溶液对水螅SOD的24h实验起诱导作用,水螅的SOD活性基本上呈上升趋势,在质量浓度为0.30~0.35mg/L的范围内,SOD活性急剧上升,与对照组相比,变化显著(P0.05).     

六种药物对唇鱼骨鱼苗的急性毒性试验

探讨了溴氯海因、硫酸锌、清苔净粉、二氧化氯、PVP粉、强氯精对瓯江唇鱼骨鱼苗的急性毒性,并求出六种药物相应的安全浓度.结果显示,溴氯海因、硫酸锌、清苔净粉、二氧化氯、PVP粉、强氯精对瓯江唇鱼骨鱼苗48 h的半致死浓度分别为:2.836,7.058,4.672,2.329,9.182,0.239 mg/L;安全浓度分别为:0.023,0.110,0.096,0.016,0.228,0.015 mg/L;急性毒性由强至弱依次为:强氯精,二氧化氯,溴氯海因,清苔净粉,硫酸锌,PVP粉.并就六种药物对唇鱼骨的急性致毒效应特征进行分析和探讨.