构建C4水稻——一场新绿色革命的挑战

国际上正在探讨新绿色革命的突破口,企图在现有良好株型的基础上,提高叶片的光合效率,其中构建C4水稻可能是一条有效的途径.本文简述了转C4基因水稻的工作意义、技术途径、生理特点以及进一步研究的问题,为中国培育高光效超高产新品种提供参考.     

1,4-二(2′,6′-二异丙基苯基)-2,2,5,5-四甲基-1,4-二氮杂-2,5-二硅杂环己烷的合成、表征及其晶体结构

用2,6-二异丙基苯胺2,6i-Pr2C6H3NH2与1当量的n-BuLi在乙醚溶液中-78℃条件下反应,以98%的产率得到2,6i-Pr2C6H3NHLi(1).用化合物1以当量比1:1与ClSiMe2CH2Cl冰水浴条件下反应,得到1,4-二(2′,6′-二异丙基苯基)-2,2,5,5-四甲基-1,4-二氮杂-2,5-二硅杂环己烷.产物经1H NMR,IR,其晶体结构经X-射线单晶衍射分析确证.晶体属单斜晶系,空间群P21/n,晶胞参数:a=8.4917(2),b=11.2259(2),c=16.2409(2);α=90°,β=98.4080°,γ=90°;V=1531.56(4)3,T=293K,Z=2,Dc=1.073mg/m3,μ=0.135mm-1,λ=0.71073,F(000)=544,结构偏离因子R=0.0402,wR=0.1197,共收集到7610个独立衍射点,其中I>2σ(I)的可观测点为3462个.     

长型肌球蛋白轻链激酶4Ig结构域的表达及单克隆抗体的制备

长型肌球蛋白轻链激酶(long myosin light chain kinase,L-MLCK)及其分子内结构域的功能还不清楚.在研究其功能时,特异性抗体是一基本工具,但目前国际上还没有制备成功特异性较好的抗体.为此,我们先在大肠杆菌E.coliBL21中重组表达了鸡L-MLCK的4Ig蛋白片段(MLCK4Ig),蛋白经纯化后作为抗原免疫小鼠.在小鼠血清中检测到特异性抗体的基础上,建立了2株杂交瘤细胞株,获得抗鸡MLCK4Ig的单克隆抗体.该抗体可以特异与鸡L-MLCK和鸡MLCK4Ig反应.本文并对该抗体的特性及应用进行了讨论.结果表明,我们部分解决了L-MLCK的抗体缺乏问题,为研究L-MLCK及MLCK4Ig片段的功能提供了重要工具.     

Micro-Raman investigations on the structures of the surface and the inner of MgSO<Subscript>4</Subscript> droplets

Spherical MgSO4 droplets were deposited by a syringe on the hydrophobic Teflon substrate. Using micro-Raman technique, the laser beam was highly focused twice on the surface and in the center of spherlcel droplets. The Raman spectra for the surface and the inner of MgSO4 droplets were accordingly obtained, suggesting formation of a thin layer of gels on MgSO4 droplets at low relative humidity. The gel layer covered the surface and exhibited a significant delay in response to the change of amblent relative humidity, resulting in the structural difference between the surface and the inner of MgSO4 droplets.     

A model of calcium signaling and degranulation dynamics induced by laser irradiation in mast cells

Recent experiments show that calcium signaling and degranulation dynamics induced by low power laser irradiation in mast cells must rely on extracellular Ca^2＋ influx. An analytical expression of Ca^2＋ flux through TRPV4 cation channel in response to interaction of laser photon energy and extracellular Ca^2＋ is deduced, and a model characterizing dynamics of calcium signaling and degranulation activated by laser irradiation in mast cells is established. The model indicates that the characteristics of calcium signaling and degranulation dynamics are determined by interaction between laser photon energy and Ca^2＋ influx. Extracellular Ca^2＋ concentration is so high that even small photon energy can activate mast cells, thus avoiding the possible injury caused by laser irradiation with shorter wavelengths. The model predicts that there exists a narrow parameter domain of photon energy and extracellular Ca^2＋ concentration of which results in cytosolic Ca^2＋ limit cycle oscillations, and shows that PKC activity is in direct proportion to the frequency of Ca^2＋ oscillations. With the model it is found that sustained and stable maximum plateau of cytosolic Ca^2＋ concentration can get optimal degranulation rate. Furthermore, the idea of introducing the realistic physical energy into model is applicable to modeling other physical signal transduction systems.     

Comparison of the carbon isotope composition of total organic carbon and long-chain n-alkanes from surface soils in eastern China and their significance

Surface soil samples collected over a high spatial resolution in eastern China were analyzed for carbon isotope composition(δ 13C) of total organic carbon(TOC) and higher plant-derived long-chain n-alkanes,with the latter reported as weighted mean values.The two sets of δ 13C values are significantly correlated and show similar trends in spatial variation.The spatial distribution of δ 13C shows less negative values in the mid-latitudes between 31°N and 40°N and more negative ones at higher and lower latitudes.This is consistent with previously reported carbon isotope data from surface soil phytoliths in the same region and suggests that the mid-latitude area provides relatively favorable growing conditions for C4 plants.Furthermore,δ 13C values of both TOC and long-chain n-alkanes from 12 surface soil samples collected from a small grassland in north China displayed similar carbon isotope values and the difference between paired δ 13C of a soil samples remains relatively constant.Our data demonstrate that in eastern China,soil δ 13C composition of both TOC and long-chain n-alkanes is effective indicators of C3/C4 ratios of the prevailing vegetation.This work suggests that -22‰ and -32‰ are good estimated end members for the weighted mean δ 13C values of long-chain n-alkanes(C27,C29 and C31 n-alkanes) from soils under dominant C4 or C3 vegetation,allowing us to reconstruct paleovegetation trends.     

Micro-Raman investigations on the structures of the surface and the inner of MgSO_4 droplets

Spherical MgSO4 droplets were deposited by a syringe on the hydrophobic Teflon substrate. Using micro-Raman technique, the laser beam was highly focused twice on the surface and in the center of spherical droplets. The Raman spectra for the surface and the inner of MgSO4 droplets were accord-ingly obtained, suggesting formation of a thin layer of gels on MgSO4 droplets at low relative humidity. The gel layer covered the surface and exhibited a significant delay in response to the change of ambi-ent relative humidity, resulting in the structural difference between the surface and the inner of MgSO4 droplets.     

Preparation and magnetic properties of CoFe2O4/TiO2 composite films

Using （Ti（OC4H9）4） and metal chlorates as starting materials, CoFe2O4/TiO2 composite films were prepared by sol-gel method. The effects of heat treatment temperature and pH of the precursor on microstructure and magnetic properties were studied. The phase structure of the samples was examined by X-ray diffraction. The microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope and polarized microscope. The magnetic property was measured by vibrating sample magnetometer. The results show that the crystals of different phases grow up independently. CoFe2O4 is uniformly embedded into the TiO2 matrix in the prepared composite films, and the growth of composite films is dependent on the heat treatment temperatures and PH of the precursor. The average size of CoFe2O4 crystal is 19 nm in Nanocomposite film prepared when the heat treatment temperature is 800℃ and the pH of the precursor is between 2 and 3. The magnetism of the composite films is enhanced as the heat treatment temperature increases.     

用共振光散射光谱法测定痕量阳离子表面活性剂的研究

在pH值2.0的B-R缓冲液中,痕量的溴化十六烷基三甲基胺(CTMAB)的加入导致K2HgI4共振光散射强度增加,在λex=λem=422 nm处,得到一个共振散射峰,其强度与CTMAB的浓度成线性关系,据此建立了一种测定水中阳离子表面活性剂的共振光散射光谱法.方法的线性范围为0.02-6.50 mg/L,检出限为0.15 μg/L.该方法简便快速,灵敏度高,对实际样品进行了测定,得到了满意的结果.     

2,4,6-TNT晶体电子结构的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFr)对2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)晶体的分子结构及电子结构进行了理论研究,探讨了TNT晶体的分子结构以及费米能附近的能带结构和原子的投影态密度(PDOS),并分析了TNT分子间的相互作用以及分子内和分子问的氢键作用.同时还利用Gaussian98程序包对单个TNT分子结构进行了B3P86/6-31g**水平的优化计算,分析了单个TNT分子和晶体中TNT分子的差异.