1,4-二甲基蒽醌的合成研究

以对二甲苯和邻苯二甲酸酐为原料,二氯乙烷及DMAC为溶剂,在无水AlCl3的存在下,酰基化反应合成2-(2′,5′-二甲基甲酰)苯甲酸,对催化剂、原料的摩尔比、溶剂及反应温度进行了优化选择.2-(2′,5′-二甲基甲酰)苯甲酸分别与多聚磷酸、浓硫酸、发烟硫酸等进行环化反应合成1,4-二甲基蒽醌.研究表明,以发烟硫酸作环化试剂,以二氯乙烷为反应介质,在60℃下,反应2.5 h左右,产率可达88.63%.产物用FT-IR,1H-NMR得到了确证.     

构建C4水稻——一场新绿色革命的挑战

国际上正在探讨新绿色革命的突破口,企图在现有良好株型的基础上,提高叶片的光合效率,其中构建C4水稻可能是一条有效的途径.本文简述了转C4基因水稻的工作意义、技术途径、生理特点以及进一步研究的问题,为中国培育高光效超高产新品种提供参考.     

采用优化的Bass模型对中国IPv4标准扩散趋势研究

在介绍描述创新扩散的Bass模型基础上,提出了优化模型的方法--采用蚁群算法作为Bass模型的参数估计算法,并以中国互联网IPv4标准的扩散为例.采用优化的Bass模型对其扩散趋势进行了深入研究.通过与传统算法的比较,证明采用蚁群算法可以提高Bass模型参数估计的精度,并通过对模型实证研究结果的分析得出标准扩散作为一种特殊的技术创新扩散.遵循其一般扩散规律,采用优化的Bass模型对标准扩散问题进行研究效果会更好.最后对中国互联网IPv4标准扩散趋势进行了预测并提出了策略建议.     

1,4-二(2′,6′-二异丙基苯基)-2,2,5,5-四甲基-1,4-二氮杂-2,5-二硅杂环己烷的合成、表征及其晶体结构

用2,6-二异丙基苯胺2,6i-Pr2C6H3NH2与1当量的n-BuLi在乙醚溶液中-78℃条件下反应,以98%的产率得到2,6i-Pr2C6H3NHLi(1).用化合物1以当量比1:1与ClSiMe2CH2Cl冰水浴条件下反应,得到1,4-二(2′,6′-二异丙基苯基)-2,2,5,5-四甲基-1,4-二氮杂-2,5-二硅杂环己烷.产物经1H NMR,IR,其晶体结构经X-射线单晶衍射分析确证.晶体属单斜晶系,空间群P21/n,晶胞参数:a=8.4917(2),b=11.2259(2),c=16.2409(2);α=90°,β=98.4080°,γ=90°;V=1531.56(4)3,T=293K,Z=2,Dc=1.073mg/m3,μ=0.135mm-1,λ=0.71073,F(000)=544,结构偏离因子R=0.0402,wR=0.1197,共收集到7610个独立衍射点,其中I>2σ(I)的可观测点为3462个.     

长型肌球蛋白轻链激酶4Ig结构域的表达及单克隆抗体的制备

长型肌球蛋白轻链激酶(long myosin light chain kinase,L-MLCK)及其分子内结构域的功能还不清楚.在研究其功能时,特异性抗体是一基本工具,但目前国际上还没有制备成功特异性较好的抗体.为此,我们先在大肠杆菌E.coliBL21中重组表达了鸡L-MLCK的4Ig蛋白片段(MLCK4Ig),蛋白经纯化后作为抗原免疫小鼠.在小鼠血清中检测到特异性抗体的基础上,建立了2株杂交瘤细胞株,获得抗鸡MLCK4Ig的单克隆抗体.该抗体可以特异与鸡L-MLCK和鸡MLCK4Ig反应.本文并对该抗体的特性及应用进行了讨论.结果表明,我们部分解决了L-MLCK的抗体缺乏问题,为研究L-MLCK及MLCK4Ig片段的功能提供了重要工具.     

Micro-Raman investigations on the structures of the surface and the inner of MgSO<Subscript>4</Subscript> droplets

Spherical MgSO4 droplets were deposited by a syringe on the hydrophobic Teflon substrate. Using micro-Raman technique, the laser beam was highly focused twice on the surface and in the center of spherlcel droplets. The Raman spectra for the surface and the inner of MgSO4 droplets were accordingly obtained, suggesting formation of a thin layer of gels on MgSO4 droplets at low relative humidity. The gel layer covered the surface and exhibited a significant delay in response to the change of amblent relative humidity, resulting in the structural difference between the surface and the inner of MgSO4 droplets.     

A model of calcium signaling and degranulation dynamics induced by laser irradiation in mast cells

Recent experiments show that calcium signaling and degranulation dynamics induced by low power laser irradiation in mast cells must rely on extracellular Ca^2＋ influx. An analytical expression of Ca^2＋ flux through TRPV4 cation channel in response to interaction of laser photon energy and extracellular Ca^2＋ is deduced, and a model characterizing dynamics of calcium signaling and degranulation activated by laser irradiation in mast cells is established. The model indicates that the characteristics of calcium signaling and degranulation dynamics are determined by interaction between laser photon energy and Ca^2＋ influx. Extracellular Ca^2＋ concentration is so high that even small photon energy can activate mast cells, thus avoiding the possible injury caused by laser irradiation with shorter wavelengths. The model predicts that there exists a narrow parameter domain of photon energy and extracellular Ca^2＋ concentration of which results in cytosolic Ca^2＋ limit cycle oscillations, and shows that PKC activity is in direct proportion to the frequency of Ca^2＋ oscillations. With the model it is found that sustained and stable maximum plateau of cytosolic Ca^2＋ concentration can get optimal degranulation rate. Furthermore, the idea of introducing the realistic physical energy into model is applicable to modeling other physical signal transduction systems.     

Comparison of the carbon isotope composition of total organic carbon and long-chain n-alkanes from surface soils in eastern China and their significance

Surface soil samples collected over a high spatial resolution in eastern China were analyzed for carbon isotope composition(δ 13C) of total organic carbon(TOC) and higher plant-derived long-chain n-alkanes,with the latter reported as weighted mean values.The two sets of δ 13C values are significantly correlated and show similar trends in spatial variation.The spatial distribution of δ 13C shows less negative values in the mid-latitudes between 31°N and 40°N and more negative ones at higher and lower latitudes.This is consistent with previously reported carbon isotope data from surface soil phytoliths in the same region and suggests that the mid-latitude area provides relatively favorable growing conditions for C4 plants.Furthermore,δ 13C values of both TOC and long-chain n-alkanes from 12 surface soil samples collected from a small grassland in north China displayed similar carbon isotope values and the difference between paired δ 13C of a soil samples remains relatively constant.Our data demonstrate that in eastern China,soil δ 13C composition of both TOC and long-chain n-alkanes is effective indicators of C3/C4 ratios of the prevailing vegetation.This work suggests that -22‰ and -32‰ are good estimated end members for the weighted mean δ 13C values of long-chain n-alkanes(C27,C29 and C31 n-alkanes) from soils under dominant C4 or C3 vegetation,allowing us to reconstruct paleovegetation trends.     

Micro-Raman investigations on the structures of the surface and the inner of MgSO_4 droplets

Spherical MgSO4 droplets were deposited by a syringe on the hydrophobic Teflon substrate. Using micro-Raman technique, the laser beam was highly focused twice on the surface and in the center of spherical droplets. The Raman spectra for the surface and the inner of MgSO4 droplets were accord-ingly obtained, suggesting formation of a thin layer of gels on MgSO4 droplets at low relative humidity. The gel layer covered the surface and exhibited a significant delay in response to the change of ambi-ent relative humidity, resulting in the structural difference between the surface and the inner of MgSO4 droplets.     

具有杀虫活性1-(3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯基)-7-(4-羟基苯基)-1，6-庚二烯-3，5-二酮天然化合物的首次全合成

以香草醛和4-羟基苯甲醛为原料,通过汇聚合成的策略,经7步反应首次完成了由姜科植物Etlingera elatior的根茎中分离得到具有杀虫活性天然产物1-(3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯基)-7(4-羟基苯基)-1,6-庚二烯-3, 5-二酮的全合成, 总收率20.8%,合成的关健步骤是α,β-不饱和甲基酮区域选择性酰基化反应.