Structure and morphogenesis of bacteriophage T4

Bacteriophage T4 is one of the most complex viruses. More than 40 different proteins form the mature virion, which consists of a protein shell encapsidating a 172-kbp double-stranded genomic DNA, a tail, and fibers, attached to the distal end of the tail. The fibers and the tail carry the host cell recognition sensors and are required for attachment of the phage to the cell surface. The tail also serves as a channel for delivery of the phage DNA from the head into the host cell cytoplasm. The tail is attached to the unique portal vertex of the head through which the phage DNA is packaged during head assembly. Similar to other phages, and also herpes viruses, the unique vertex is occupied by a dodecameric portal protein, which is involved in DNA packaging.Received 18 February 2003; received after revision 16 April 2003; accepted 9 May 2003     

cDNA cloning and functional analysis of 4-coumarate --CoA: ligase (4CL) gene in Chinese white aspen

cDNA encoding 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL) was isolated from the secondary developing xylem of Chinese white aspen (Populus tomentosa) by RT-PCR for the first time, which was 1619 bp in length. The coding sequence and putative amino acid sequence showed 97.53% and 97.00% identity to that of Pt4CL1 in quaking aspen (P. tremuloids), respectively. Molecular analysis indicated that 4CL was encoded by multiple genes in P.tomentosa, its mRNA was highly accumulated in xylem and the expression of 4CL revealed a biphasic pattern in one growing season, almost in phase with the expression of other related enzymes in lignin biosynthesis. Transgenic research showed that expression of antisense 4CL cDNA led to the decreasing of lignin content in transgenic tobaccos, among which the average reduction was 10.3% and the highest could be up to 18.9%. These data suggested that 4CL gene was a potential gene used in altering lignin biosynthesis by biotechnology for producing new materials of papermaking.     

构造柱施工中应注意的几个问题

针对混凝土构造柱施工容易出现的质量问题,提出注意钢筋绑扎、“柱腔”留设、“柱腔”处理、混凝土浇注等问题,严格按照规定进行操作,从而保证质量,达到设置构造柱的目的．     

论江泽民的“以德治国”思想

“以德治国”是江泽民提出的一种新的治国思想。本文从分析当前我国普遍存在的腐败、贫富差距、社会治安、道德滑坡等诸多社会问题出发,从正确处理“以德治国”与古代“德治”思想和“以德治国”与“依法治国”的辩证关系入手,积极探求实现“以德治国”的道德途径,即实行德政与德教,以期对“以德治国”的现实针对性、科学合理性和操作可行性有一个较为系统的论述。     

社会运行论及其在中国的表现——中国特色社会学理论探索的梳理和回顾之一

社会运行论所阐述的“社会学是关于社会良性运行和协调发展的条件和机制的综合性具体社会科学”的思想 ,是对新中国建立以来不同时期社会运行情况的概括和总结 ,是对我国历史上的治乱兴衰学术传统的继承和开发 ,也是对外国社会学两大传统———从马克思开始的马克思主义社会学传统和从孔德开始的西方社会学的借鉴和吸取。十多年来这一理论的扩展和运用 ,及其产生的现实影响说明 :社会运行论是一种具有较明显中国特色的社会学理论。     

Real time monitoring of nucleic acids ligation based on molecular beacon

The replication, ligation and repair of nucleic acids are essential life processes that based the survival, pro-creation and evolution of creatures. These interactions involving proteins (enzymes) and nucleic acids have fas-cinated great interest of scientists[1]. The nucleic acids ligation has been revealed that it is catalyzed by ligase and co-enzyme (ATP or NAD)[2—4]. Along with in-depth re-search, the nucleic acids ligation becomes a significant and common tool employed in bioengineerin…     

Climate as the dominant control on C<Subscript>3</Subscript> and C<Subscript>4</Subscript> plant abundance in the Loess Plateau: Organic carbon isotope evidence from the last glacial-interglacial loess-soil sequences

Two modes of photosynthesis predominate in terres-REPORTS trial plants: the C3 and C4 modes[1]. The C3 mode is used by all of trees, bushes, and cold season grasses. The C4 mode is used by the most of tropical and warm season grasses. They are disadvantaged relative to C3 plants at high CO2/O2 ratios because of the additional energy ex-pense needed to concentrate CO2 in the bundle-sheath cells. At low CO2/O2, however, C4 plants can achieve a relatively high quantum yield by suppressin…     

科技期刊怎样面对信息化的挑战

面对日益加速的信息化,科技期刊要增加信息含量,加快信息传播,大力运用信息技术手段,促进编辑工作现代化,努力培养主素质的复合型编辑人才。     

时滞多变量时变系统的最优控制混合仿真研究

应用最优控制理论的极小值原理和参数优化理论 ,叙述了具有常数时滞的多变量时变系统的最优控制算法 ,基于该算法 ,提出了这类系统的数模混合仿真方法和实践方法。混合结果表明 :提出的算法是收敛的 ,且收敛速度优于全数字仿真结果。     

4-Hydroxynonenal-modified amyloid-beta peptide inhibits the proteasome: possible importance in Alzheimer's disease

The amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) is a 4-kDa species derived from the amyloid precursor protein, which accumulates in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Although we lack full understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of selective neuron death, considerable data do imply roles for both the toxic Aβ and increased oxidative stress. Another significant observation is the accumulation of abnormal, ubiquitin-conjugated proteins in affected neurons, suggesting dysfunction of the proteasome proteolytic system in these cells. Recent reports have indicated that Aβ can bind and inhibit the proteasome, the major cytoslic protease for degrading damaged and ubiquitin-conjugated proteins. Earlier results from our laboratory showed that moderately oxidized proteins are preferentially recognized and degraded by the proteasome; however, severely oxidized proteins cannot be easily degraded and, instead, inhibit the proteasome. We hypothesized that oxidatively modified Aβ might have a stronger (or weaker) inhibitory effect on the proteasome than does native Aβ. We therefore also investigated the proteasome inhibitory action of Aβ _1–40 (a peptide comprising the first 40 residues of Aβ) modified by the intracellular oxidant hydrogen peroxide, and by the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). H₂O₂ modification of Aβ _1–40 generates a progressively poorer inhibitor of the purified human 20S proteasome. In contrast, HNE modification of Aβ _1–40 generates a progressively more selective and efficient inhibitor of the degradation of fluorogenic peptides and oxidized protein substrates by human 20S proteasome. This interaction may contribute to certain pathological manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease Received 26 September 2000; accepted 26 September 2000