SiCl_4-H_2沉积多晶硅薄膜过程中放电功率的影响

以SiCl4 和H2 为气源 ,用等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术 ,以 3 5 s的速率生长出了晶化度为 75 %的优质多晶硅薄膜 .着重分析放电功率的影响 ,结果表明 :随着功率的增大 ,薄膜沉积速率基本上线性增大 ,之后有减小的趋势 ;薄膜晶化度随功率的增大而减小 ;功率较大时 ,晶粒密度也大 ,且比较均匀 ,但晶粒尺寸较小 ,功率较小时 ,大尺寸的晶粒明显增多 ,但仍有较多的小晶粒存在     

How retinoids regulate breast cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis

Breast cancer still remains a major problem in its incidence, morbidity and mortality; therefore, more effective strategies for its prevention are urgently needed. Retinoids, natural and synthetic derivatives of vitamin A, possess antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties, making them a promising class of chemopreventive agents against breast cancer. The efficacy of all-trans retinoic acid, 9-cis-retinoic acid, LGD1069 (Targretin, bexarotene), and N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (fenretinide) as breast cancer chemopreventive agents is being studied. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of action of these agents should lead to improvements in their clinical application. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which retinoids exert their antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in breast cancer cells.Received 5 January 2004; received after revision 9 February 2004; accepted 12 February 2004     

Hemokinins and endokinins

The mammalian tachykinins are a family of peptides that, until recently, has included substance P (SP), neurokinin A and neurokinin B. Since, the discovery of a third preprotachykinin gene (TAC4), the number of tachykinins has more than doubled to reveal several species-divergent peptides. This group includes hemokinin-1 (HK-1) in mouse and rat, endokinin-1 (EK-1) in rabbit, and EKA, EKB, human HK-1 (hHK-1) and hHK(4–11) in humans. Each exhibits a remarkable selectivity and potency for the tachykinin NK₁ receptor similar to SP. Their peripheral expression has led to the proposal that they are the endogenous peripheral SP-like endocrine/paracrine agonists where SP is not expressed. Moreover, their strong cross-reactivity with a specific SP antibody leads us to question many of the proposed locations and roles of SP in the periphery. Additionally, three orphan tachykinin gene-related peptides are identified on TAC4, in rabbit, EK-2 and in humans, EKC and EKD.Received 25 January 2004; received after revision 18 February 2004; accepted 27 February 2004     

AC2 and AC4 proteins of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tobacco curly shoot virus</Emphasis> mediate suppression of RNA silencing

Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus Y10 isolate (TYLCCNV-Y10) alone could systemically infect host plants such as Nicotiana benthamiana without symptoms. In contrast, Tobacco curly shoot virus Y35 isolate (TbCSV-Y35) alone induces leaf curl symptoms in N. benthamiana. When inoculated into transgenic N. benthamiana plants expressing GFP gene (line 16c), TYLCCNV-Y10 neither reverses the established GFP silencing nor blocks the onset of GFP silencing. In contrast, TbCSV-Y35 can partially reverse the established GFP silencing and block the onset of GFP silencing in new leaves. In the patch co-infiltration assays, the AC2 and AC4 proteins of TYLCCNV-Y10 and TbCSV-Y35 could suppress local GFP silencing and delay systemic GFP silencing, suggesting that they are suppressors of RNA silencing. Comparison of the accumulation levels of GFP mRNA in the co-infiltration patches showed that Y10 AC2 and Y35 AC2 proteins had similar efficiency for suppression of RNA silencing. However, Y35 AC4 protein functioned as a stronger suppressor of RNA silencing than Y10 AC4 protein. There-fore, the pathogenicity difference between TbCSV-Y35 and TYLCCNV-Y10 may be related to the functional difference in their AC4 proteins.     

关于与时俱进的新思考

与时俱进,关系到党和国家前途和命运,是中国历史与文化的概括总结,是执政党建设的深刻总结。是世界形势发展的必然要求。坚持与时俱进,就要不断实践,不断学习,不断创新,才能始终站在时代前列,永远立于不败之地。     

《刑法》第267条第二款之我见

抢劫犯罪是严重侵犯公民人身权、财产权的犯罪,历来为各国法律所重点打击。但我国刑法第267条第二款的规定“携带凶器抢夺的,依照本法第263条的规定定罪处罚”暴露出明显的不合理因素。鉴于此,本文从抢劫罪的定性,罪质,与抢夺罪的本质区别,刑法预防目的等万面进行探研,得出对这一条款进行适当修改的结论。     

"无乐之乐,乐之至也"--陶渊明"性不解音"解读

史载陶渊明"性不解音",其实陶渊明对音乐的深刻理解是不拘泥于具体的曲调、音符,而只寻音乐的真谛的.他去掉琴的弦、徵,手抚素琴,独与宇宙精神相往来,追求的正是"乐之至"的"无乐之乐".     

Dawson结构钨钛磷杂多配合物~(183)WNMR谱的研究

研究了Dawson结构取代原子数与相应的183 WNMR谱中“极位”W原子的化学位移值间的关系 .预测了α - 1 ,2 [P2 W16Ti2 O62 ]10 -,α - 1 ,2 - [P2 W16(TiO2 )2 O60 ]10 -“极位”W原子183 WNMR谱化学位移值 ,结果α - 1 ,2 - [P2 W16Ti2 O62 ]10 -和α - 1 ,2 - [P2 W16(TiO2 ) 2 O60 ]10 -中与取代Ti相连“极位”W原子的化学位移值分别为 :- 5 9.3ym ,- 66.5ym ;与取代Ti相对称“极位”W原子的化学位移值分别为 :- 1 49.3ym ,- 1 62 .6ym ;与取代Ti不对称“极位”W原子的化学位移值分别为 :- 1 2 5 .4ym ,-1 31 .4ym .     

Enzymes and receptors in the leukotriene cascade

Leukotrienes are a family of paracrine hormones derived from the oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid. These lipid mediators are recognized as important signal molecules in a variety of inflammatory and allergic conditions affecting the skin, joints, gastrointestinal and respiratory systems, in particular asthma. Such conditions are typified by local pain, tissue edema, hyperemia and functional losses. In the tissues, immunocompetent cells accumulate at the site of injury which contribute to tissue damage and perpetuation of the disease process. Leukotrienes can elicit most, if not all, of these signs and symptoms. Thus, leukotriene B₄ is one of the most powerful chemotactic agents known to date and participates in the recruitment of leukocytes. The cysteinyl leukotrienes, on the other hand, contract smooth muscles, particularly in the peripheral airways and microcirculation. Recently, drugs which block the formation and action of leukotrienes have been introduced as novel antiasthmatic medications. This chapter reviews the biochemistry, molecular biology and cell biology of the key enzymes and cognate receptors in the leukotriene cascade.     

徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪构成特征的若干问题

徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件罪的主体包括在行政执法机关及法律,法规授权的组织,行政机关委托的组织中直接从事行政执法的人员或直接受行政机关委托具体从事行政执法的人员,行政执法机关正职负责人或主持工作的负责人,公安机关工作人员,纪检人员和监察人员也可以成为本罪的主体。“徇私舞弊”不应当作为本罪的构成要件。“不移交”是指不向司法机关移交。“刑事案件”的判断应以行政案件涉嫌触犯《刑法》为标准,本罪的客体是行政执法人员依法移交刑事案件的职务行为的合法性。