Proopiomelanocortin expression in the skin during induced hair growth in mice

We demonstrate for the first time a hair cycle-dependent gene and protein expression of proopiomelanocortin in mouse skin in vivo. Northern blot detected POMC mRNA with an apparent size of 0.9 kb in anagen but not telogen skin. Western blot emphasized a specific protein of 30–33 kDa recognized by anti -endorphin in late but not early anagen or telogen skin. By immunocytochemistry, -endorphin antigen was localized in the sebaceous gland in a hair cycle dependent manner.     

The susceptibility to exercise-induced muscle damage increases as rats grow larger

Summary Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and N-acetyl--glucosaminidase activities were both elevated after eccentric exercise indicating that this type of exercise causes muscle damage. Muscle damage as measured by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the vastus intermedius was greater and occurred later in larger rats indicating that the susceptibility to muscle damage is increased and the repair process delayed in older and larger animals.     

Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection

Summary Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection have disporven some of the central tenets of both the handicap mechanism and the sexy son hypothesis. These results suggest that the good genes approach to sexual selection may generally lead to erroneous results.Runaway sexual selection seems possible under a wide variety of circumstances. Quantittive genetic models have revealed runaway processes for sexually selected attributes expressed in both sexes and for attributes of parental care. Furthermore, the runaway could occur simultaneously in a series of populations that straddle an environmental gradient. While the models support the feasibility of runaway processes, empirical studies are needed to evaluate whether runaways actually happen. Estimates of critical genetic parameters are particularly needed, as well as measures of natural and sexual selection acting on the same population.The models also show that sexual selection has tremendous potential to produce population differentiation, particularly in epigamic traits. Differentiation is promoted by indeterminancy of evolutionary outcome, transient differences among populations during the final slow approach to equilibrium, sampling drift among equilibrium populations, and the tendency of sexual selection to amplify geographic variation arising from spatial differences in natural selection. Recent work with two- and three-locus models of sexual selection has produced results that parallel the results of the polygenic models^36–38,58. Thus the feature of indeterminate equilibria (outcome dependent on initial conditions) is common to both types of model.     

鄂尔多斯盆地长7储层致密油水平井CO2补充能量与吞吐参数优化

长7储层是鄂尔多斯盆地主要的致密区块,近一半的致密油分布其中。针对长7储层开采渗透率低、开采难度大、依靠弹性开采产能较低、能量衰竭较快等问题,通过数值模拟的方法,构建水平井分段压裂数值模拟模型,首先对比不同吞吐方式对油田产能的影响,优选出CO₂吞吐为首选的补充能量方式。其次对井网形式、井网参数及吞吐参数进行优化研究。最终优选出合适的吞吐方案,达到提高生产效率的目的。结果表明,该储层的最优注采吞吐参数为：周期注入量为2 673 t、注入压力为21 MPa、注入速度为90 t/d、焖井时间为10 d。研究对鄂尔多斯盆地长7储层提高采收率具有一定的参考意义。     

具有不定位势Kirchhoff型Schrödinger-Bopp-Podolsky系统解的存在性

研究Kirchhoff型Schrödinger-Bopp-Podolsky系统,考虑位势函数V不定的情况。此时Schrödinger算子-Δ+V具有有限维负空间。利用Morse理论,得到Kirchhoff型Schrödinger-Bopp-Podolsky系统非平凡解的存在性。     

高岭土负载绿色合成纳米铁的制备及其对孔雀石绿和铅离子的去除性能研究

红背桂树叶提取物绿色合成铁纳米颗粒（Fe NPs）在水环境修复领域具有很高的应用潜力。但由于Fe NPs存在团聚、易氧化等不稳定因素,在去除污染物时抑制了反应活性。为了解决这一问题,使用一步法制备了高岭土负载Fe NPs （K-Fe NPs）,并系统地检测了其对孔雀石绿和Pb²⁺混合污染物的去除反应活性。采用X射线衍射（XRD）和傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）对Fe NPs、高岭土和K-Fe NPs进行表征和分析。3种材料对比实验结果表明,K-Fe NPs对单独的孔雀石绿和Pb²⁺的去除效率（99.10%和93.41%）优于Fe NPs（93.67%和85.33%）和高岭土（32.54%和12.50%）。此外,K-Fe NPs经过4次重复循环对孔雀石绿和Pb²⁺的去除率仍分别为74.02%和55.48%。结果表明,K-Fe NPs在染料和重金属离子复合污染修复领域具有一定应用前景。     

利用早停可微架构搜索的三维点云模型分类

针对现有三维点云分类网络采用人工设计费时费力的问题,提出早停可微架构搜索(early-stopping differentiable architecture search,ES-DARTS)算法。利用从人工设计网络架构中提取到的先验知识,预定义一个包含高效候选操作的搜索空间,可快速搜索出适用于三维模型分类任务的高性能网络模型;通过追踪网络搜索阶段各候选操作的权重变化,找出跳跃连接操作在双重优化过程中发挥不公平竞争作用的临界点并在此处停止搜索,以保证各候选操作之间的稳定性,解决DARTS算法搜索过程中易出现性能崩溃的问题。提出的算法在ModelNet40数据集上达到了93.2%的识别准确率,比当前人工设计的主流网络具有更高的识别准确率。     

基于掺铕钨酸盐荧光强度比的非接触温度传感

为了突破传统测温技术应用的局限性,利用NaY （WO₄）₂：Eu³⁺玻璃陶瓷（glass ceramics,GC）实现了具有非接触、实时响应、自校准等优势的双模荧光强度比（luminescence intensity ratio,LIR）测温。采用高温熔融淬灭法制备出含NaY （WO₄）₂：Eu³⁺纳米晶的透明GC样品,并进行系列光谱测量和热敏性能分析。结果表明,样品中Eu³⁺的激发态能级⁵D₁和⁵D₀和基态能级⁷F₂和⁷F₀为两对独立的热耦合能级,可分别基于这两对热耦合能级实现性能优异的双模LIR温度传感。该双模LIR测温技术数据可靠、测温范围广、灵敏度高,再结合GC材料优势,是可用于光纤温度传感器的核心技术材料。     

超高压高CO2气藏偏差系数图版扩展与应用

Standing-Katz图版法确定天然气偏差系数是目前最常用、最基础的方法之一,但存在人工读值误差大、在超高压（拟对比压力大于15）和高CO₂含量天然气使用受限等问题。设计单组分偏差系数测定实验,结合Standing-Katz图版曲线变化规律,将图版拟对比压力扩展到30,拟对比温度扩展到3.6,并将图版数字化;基于不同CO₂含量偏差系数测定实验结果,推导了考虑不同CO₂含量的天然气拟临界压力、拟临界温度计算新模型,与常规非烃校正模型相比,新模型计算精度更高,适用范围更广。进一步将新临界参数校正模型嵌入到偏差系数扩展图版中,得到不同CO₂含量的偏差系数扩展图版,该图版在南海西部超高温高压、高CO₂含量天然气偏差系数计算中误差较小（不超过3%）,应用效果良好。