Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection

Summary Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection have disporven some of the central tenets of both the handicap mechanism and the sexy son hypothesis. These results suggest that the good genes approach to sexual selection may generally lead to erroneous results.Runaway sexual selection seems possible under a wide variety of circumstances. Quantittive genetic models have revealed runaway processes for sexually selected attributes expressed in both sexes and for attributes of parental care. Furthermore, the runaway could occur simultaneously in a series of populations that straddle an environmental gradient. While the models support the feasibility of runaway processes, empirical studies are needed to evaluate whether runaways actually happen. Estimates of critical genetic parameters are particularly needed, as well as measures of natural and sexual selection acting on the same population.The models also show that sexual selection has tremendous potential to produce population differentiation, particularly in epigamic traits. Differentiation is promoted by indeterminancy of evolutionary outcome, transient differences among populations during the final slow approach to equilibrium, sampling drift among equilibrium populations, and the tendency of sexual selection to amplify geographic variation arising from spatial differences in natural selection. Recent work with two- and three-locus models of sexual selection has produced results that parallel the results of the polygenic models^36–38,58. Thus the feature of indeterminate equilibria (outcome dependent on initial conditions) is common to both types of model.     

〔23，12，7〕Golay码的改进译码算法

ＭａｒｉｏＢｌａｕｍ和ＪｅｈｏｓｈｕａＢｒｕｃｋ提出了一种基于［２３,１２,７］Ｇｏｌａｙ码校验矩阵＂设计＂特性的译码算法,和其它的Ｇｏｌａｙ码译码算法相比,这种译码算法的复杂度最小,但它不便于用集成器件实现和不便于完全集成化,作者对该算法进行了改进,使其易于集成实现;同时使［２３,１２,７］Ｇｏｌａｙ码译码算法进一步简化．对其复杂度分析证明,当误码率≤１０％时,作者所设计的译码算法优于其它译码算法。     

砂土中螺旋桩在斜拉荷载作用下的承载性能

为研究斜拉荷载倾斜角度和叶片埋深对螺旋桩极限承载力的影响,基于ABAQUS软件构建了砂土中螺旋桩的有限元模型,通过螺旋桩水平承载机理砂箱试验与竖向拉拔试验数据,对模型的准确性和可行性进行验证。设置4组不同叶片埋深的螺旋桩模型,分别施加不同角度的斜拉荷载,探讨了砂土地基中螺旋桩的承载性能与斜拉角度、叶片埋深的相关性。结果表明:砂土中螺旋桩的极限承载力随着斜拉角度的增大不断减小;当斜拉角度小于30°时,螺旋桩极限承载力与斜拉角度的关系曲线近似呈线性;螺旋桩极限承载力存在一个临界埋深比,当埋深比大于等于4时,承载力不随埋深比的增大而变化。推导了深埋状态下螺旋桩受斜拉荷载作用的极限承载力公式,经验证该公式能较好反映螺旋桩极限承载力随斜拉角度增大而逐渐下降的规律。     

考虑热负荷的活塞形状优化设计

给出一种受热负荷作用的结构形状优化设计方法并编制相应的优化软件,     

钢筋混凝土薄钢板组合剪力墙的弹性屈曲临界荷载

研究钢筋混凝土薄钢板剪力墙在侧向力作用下的弹性掘曲临界载荷计算问题,提出了相应的计算模型,导出了计算公式,并与相应实验结果比较,符合良好。     

连续驱动摩擦焊负载等效电气特性的研究

通过对连续驱动摩擦焊能量参数的计算机实时、同步检测,经过计算发现：摩擦焊负载的电气特性并不是纯电阻特性（耗能特性）,而是表现出阻容双重特性（耗能和储能特性）．经理论分析认为,负载的电容特性（储能特性）是由于工件在摩擦扭矩的作用下,产生弹性扭转变形并储存了主电机供给的机械能所造成．研究结果有利于方便实现连续驱动摩擦焊过程的数值模拟,为深入研究连续驱动摩擦焊过程的本质打下了坚实的基础．     

粘弹基上受压粘弹杆的稳定性

由纤维复合等材料研制的各种结构的广泛应用,使得其力学性能的研究日趋重要。由于这类材料具有明显的时间效应,因而,必须采用粘弹性理论研究其与时间相关的各种性质。利用动力学的观点和方法,研究了粘弹性基础上两端受压粘弹性直杆的动力稳定性。考虑杆的线性变形,将问题化为等价的四阶常微分方程,分析了方程不动点的稳定性,由此得到杆的蠕变及瞬时临界载荷,讨论了杆失稳的临界时间,并数值计算了杆的动力响应,得到了相应的     

日周期短期负荷自适应滤波预测模型

考虑到时负荷的日周期性,利用时间序列分析中的自适应滤波预测法,建立日周期自适应滤波模型,经河北南网实例验证,预测精度较高。