Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection

Summary Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection have disporven some of the central tenets of both the handicap mechanism and the sexy son hypothesis. These results suggest that the good genes approach to sexual selection may generally lead to erroneous results.Runaway sexual selection seems possible under a wide variety of circumstances. Quantittive genetic models have revealed runaway processes for sexually selected attributes expressed in both sexes and for attributes of parental care. Furthermore, the runaway could occur simultaneously in a series of populations that straddle an environmental gradient. While the models support the feasibility of runaway processes, empirical studies are needed to evaluate whether runaways actually happen. Estimates of critical genetic parameters are particularly needed, as well as measures of natural and sexual selection acting on the same population.The models also show that sexual selection has tremendous potential to produce population differentiation, particularly in epigamic traits. Differentiation is promoted by indeterminancy of evolutionary outcome, transient differences among populations during the final slow approach to equilibrium, sampling drift among equilibrium populations, and the tendency of sexual selection to amplify geographic variation arising from spatial differences in natural selection. Recent work with two- and three-locus models of sexual selection has produced results that parallel the results of the polygenic models^36–38,58. Thus the feature of indeterminate equilibria (outcome dependent on initial conditions) is common to both types of model.     

A major metabolite of Δ1-tetrahydrocannabinol reduces its cataleptic effect in mice

Summary The results described here demonstrate that THC-induced catalepsy in mice can be substantially inhibited by the prior administration of ¹-THC-7-oic acid, the major metabolite of THC in most species including humans. This raises the possibility that the intensity and duration of action of THC may depend to a large degree on the levels of this metabolite at the sites of action.We thank the National Institute on Drug Abuse for supporting this project by grants DA-02043 and DA-02052 and for supplying all of the cannabinoids. One of us (S.B.) is also the recipient of a Research Scientist Award from NIDA. We are grateful to Kristen Carlson and Thomas Honeyman for helpful suggestions in preparing this report.     

Structure of the human CLC-7/Ostm1 complex reveals a novel state

CLC-7 functions as a Cl?/H+ exchanger in lysosomes. Defects in CLC-7 and its β-subunit, Ostm1, result in osteopetrosis and neurodegeneration. Here, we present the cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the human CLC-7/Ostm1 complex (HsCLC-7/Ostm1) at a resolution of 3.6 ?. Our structure reveals a new state of the CLC-7/Ostm1 heterotetramer, in which the cytoplasmic domain of CLC-7 is absent, likely due to high flexibility. The disordered cytoplasmic domain is probably not able to restrain CLC-7 subunits and thus allow their relative movements. The movements result in an approximately half smaller interface between the CLC-7 transmembrane domains than that in a previously reported CLC-7/Ostm1 structure with a well-folded cytoplasmic domain. Key interactions involving multiple osteopetrosis-related residues are affected by the interface change.     

基于PiggyBac转座系统的低溢漏诱导型Tet-On过表达体系的建立及应用

为避免诱导基因稳定表达的Tet-On诱导表达系统溢漏表达,实现简便且高效的外源基因稳定诱导表达, 本研究拟在Tet-On调控的转录水平基础上,将基于稳定配体Shield-1的不稳定结构域FK506结合蛋白引入目的基因的N端,从蛋白水平控制其本底表达水平.为验证该系统的效果,本研究以荧光蛋白TdTomato为报告基因,经流式分析结果证明优化后的体系较原体系的溢漏表达在蛋白水平上降低7倍左右.将该系统应用于基于小鼠胚胎干细胞的体外牙向分化模型,在诱导因子Dox和稳定配体Shield-1的协同作用下,诱导表达牙齿发育相关转录因子Hand2提高了牙向分化诱导的完成度.     

CFRP-钢管-CFRP复合钢管约束海砂混凝土短柱轴压试验

以钢管壁厚、钢管屈服强度、碳纤维增强聚合物(carbon fiber reinforced polymer, CFRP)层数和位置、混凝土强度等为研究参数,进行19根CFRP-钢管-CFRP复合钢管约束海砂混凝土短柱的轴压试验,分析试件破坏模式、荷载-应变曲线、结构承载力等,并讨论现有算法对承载力计算的适用性.研究结果表明：内外壁CFRP与钢管的组合对核心混凝土有良好的复合约束作用,可大幅提高结构承载力;钢管内外壁张贴CFRP后,其结构破坏模式由剪切破坏变为腰鼓破坏;钢管最先开始屈服,CFRP层数决定纤维布的断裂宽度和分布;荷载-应变曲线在强化阶段呈明显线性上升特性,二次刚度由CFRP层数决定;与外壁张贴CFRP试件相比,内壁张贴CFRP试件的结构承载力更大.     

钢管混凝土组合柱耐火性能对比分析

采用非线性有限元软件ABAQUS对方钢管混凝土柱、复式钢管混凝土柱、内嵌十字型钢钢管混凝土柱和4腔钢管混凝土柱4种钢管混凝土组合柱开展火灾下的力学分析,并采用相关实验数据进行验证.分析不同荷载比下钢管混凝土组合柱的温度场、位移-时间曲线、截面内力重分布等.结果表明：内嵌型钢(钢管)有助于提升柱体的轴向刚度,钢管混凝土组合柱的破坏模态表现为压缩鼓曲破坏;低荷载比下内嵌钢管允许方钢管发生更高的温度材性劣化,进而提升了柱体的耐火性能,火灾荷载比越小,提升效果越显著.     

3—己烯—1—醇及其酯类的合成和香气研究

介绍了叶醇(cis-3-己烯-1-醇)及其异构体的实用合成路线。由顺反混合(或全反式)3-己烯-1-醇制备了一系列羧酸酯,研究了这些化合物的结构与香气的关系,从中发现一些有实用价值的新香料。     

HQ70钢疲劳强度统计特性研究

在对HQ70钢疲劳寿命统计特性研究的基础上,利用疲劳寿命分布与疲劳强度分布函数间的转换关系,对HQ70钢疲劳强度分布特性进行研究,并作出疲劳寿命强度概率分布的P-s-N三维空间曲面.确认疲劳强度分布并非通常假设的正态分布,而是偏态分布,其特征函数的概率分布为标准正态分布.     

含铝高速钢中奥氏体非均匀长大的机制

M2AI和M2高速钢经一次和二次淬火后,奥氏体晶粒和未溶碳化物的定量研究表明,在高温r/f比值相同的条件下,由于淬火前原始组织的差别,可发生正常(均匀)和异常(非均匀)两类长大。根据异常粗晶形成初期的组织观察,提出了“连续-非连续”再结晶模式和“合并—推移”式的生长机制。提出了减轻或消除M2AI钢混晶的工艺原则。     

Gigantecin: A novel antimitotic and cytotoxic acetogenin,with nonadjacent tetrahydrofuran rings,fromGoniothalamus giganteus (Annonaceae)

Summary Gigantecin (I), a novel tetrahydroxy-di-tetrahydrofuran fatty acid -lactone (acetogenin), was isolated from an ethanolic extract of the stem bark ofGoniothalamus giganteus Hook. f., Thomas (Annonaceae), by means of activity-directed fractionation (brine shrimp lethality test). This new compound is extremely cytotoxic to human tumor cells, inhibits crown gall tumors on potato discs, and is active in an assay designed to detect antimitotic agents (9 ASK).