Chemotherapy and immunotherapy of malignant glioma: molecular mechanisms and clinical perspectives

Despite the considerable progress in modern tumor therapy, the prognosis for patients with glioblastoma, the most frequent malignant brain tumor, has not been substantially improved. Although cytoreductive surgery and radiotherapy are the mainstays of treatment for malignant glioma at present, novel cytotoxic drugs and immunotherapeutic approaches hold great promise as effective weapons against these malignancies. Thus, great efforts are being made to enhance antitumoral efficacy by combining various cytotoxic agents, by novel routes of drug administration, or by combining anticancer drugs and immune modulators. Immunotherapeutic approaches include cytotoxic cytokines, targeted antibodies, and vaccination strategies. However, the success of most of these experimental therapies is prevented by the marked molecular resistance of glioma cells to diverse cytotoxic agents or by glioma-associated immunosuppression. One promising experimental strategy to target glioma is the employment of death ligands such as CD95 (Fas/Apo1) ligand or Apo2 ligand (TRAIL). Specific proapoptotic approaches may overcome many of the obvious obstacles to a satisfactory management of malignant brain tumors. Received 8 March 1999; received after revision 27 May 1999; accepted 14 June 1999     

超稳Y-沸石催化合成乙酰乙酸乙酯缩酮

用脱铝超稳Ｙ－沸石作催化剂合成了乙酰乙酸乙酯与乙二醇缩酮和丙二醇缩酮,其产率可达到８０％和９６％,考察了催化剂组成和反应时间对反应的影响规律,发现产物比反应物更易在催化剂表面吸附,对反应机理作了讨论。     

高精度信号频率测量研究

频率测量是时域中描述时钟信号源稳定性的一种方法。采用DDS模块、计数器模块以及精密时间测量模块实现高精度的频率测量,并详细介绍了整个测量装置的原理与特征。     

基于相参积累的捷变频雷达系统相位误差估计与稀疏场景重构算法

针对系统相位误差导致的捷变频雷达目标回波信号相参积累性能下降问题,构建了系统相位误差下捷变频雷达目标回波信号相参积累模型,并基于目标的距离-速度二维稀疏性建立了最小e1范数优化模型,提出一种基于交替方向乘子法的系统相位误差估计与目标场景稀疏重构联合处理算法,实现了系统相位误差和目标参数的精确估计.仿真结果表明,在信噪比...     

天宫一号基于控制力矩陀螺的智能多模自适应姿态控制系统设计与验证

天宫一号是目前我国在轨运行的体积最大、重量最重的载人航天器.它具有变构型、变参数的特性,采用控制力矩陀螺系统和喷气推进系统实现高精度、高稳定度姿态控制.本文通过对天宫一号控制对象参数缓变和跳变相结合特点的分析,规划了高可靠灵活的控制策略,设计了智能多模自适应姿态控制系统.利用智能控制中规则集设定多模自适应控制的指标切换函数分配,利用多模自适应控制算法建立多模型控制器实现不同控制对象,不同控制任务的姿态控制.天宫一号通过地面测试和物理仿真试验,最后发射在轨运行,与神舟八号、神舟九号、神舟十号载人飞船圆满完成交会对接任务,充分验证了姿态控制系统设计的正确性和有效性.该设计方法在解决大型航天器变构型、变参数组合体姿态控制方面有突出优点,在未来的载人航天领域空间站建设具有应用前景.     

等离子体中(3+1)维弱非线性离子声波的摄动分析

通过约化摄动法,获得了等离子体中离子声波的(3 1)维KP(Kadomtsev Petviashvili)方程.结果表明,离子声波沿轴方向的速度分量、密度和电位势,在垂直方向有色散的情况下,仍然有孤立波解出现,但其它2个垂直方向的速度分量不会出现孤波结构.     

烯烃捕获不饱和卡宾及其反应机理的研究

介绍了一种制备不饱和卡宾的新的方法，即用1，1-二氯代烯烃与金属钠反应，产生的不饱和中间体用烯烃进行捕获．对捕获的产物经IR，GC—MS及^1HNMR等分析鉴定后证实，各产物主要是通过卡宾中间体或类卡宾中间体与烯烃加成反应或重排反应而得到．     

Forecasting Ability of a Periodic Component Extracted from Large‐Cap Index Time Series

We develop a method to extract periodic variations in a time series that are hidden in large non‐periodic and stochastic variations. This method relies on folding the time series many times and allows direct visualization of a hidden periodic component without resorting to any fitting procedure. Applying this method to several large‐cap stock time series in Europe, Japan and the USA yields a component with periodicity of 1 year. Out‐of‐sample tests on these large‐cap time series indicate that this periodic component is able to forecast long‐term (decade) behavior for large‐cap time series. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

1-苄基-4-甲氧羰基-4-苯胺基哌啶的微波合成研究

1-苄基-4-甲氧羰基-4-苯胺基哌啶是合成芬太尼类化合物的重要中间体,本文采用微波辐射技术,合成了1-苄基-4-甲氧羰基-4-苯胺基哌啶.利用正交实验设计法对影响收率诸因素进行了考察,确定了最佳反应条件：辐射温度为120℃、辐射时间为1.5 h、辐射功率为30 W,反应时间从常规加热反应的36 h缩短到了1.5 h,降低了反应的危险性同时,提高了反应收率.