世界珍稀植物拾零

~~世界珍稀植物拾零     

访沉香鉴赏家郭雪(下) 细品天香

正沉香的产地、种类和鉴别知识,以及对入门级收藏者的珍贵建议。沉香文化要传承下去,必须让沉香进入我们的生活,进入产业。听说沉香的形成对自然环境要求极为苛刻?郭雪:沉香的行成过程中也充满了偶然,称得上是大自然的馈赠。沉香种类不同,珍稀程度亦不同。一般而言,沉香品级是依产地、香气及树脂的含量而分级;同一种沉香树,在不同产地,往往香气差异颇大。沉香产区主要集中在东南亚地区。东南亚属热带、亚热带气候环境,自古便有"岭南结香、岭北不结香"之说。"百炼成成绕指柔",沉香对生长环境要求之苛刻,生成之珍贵,不能不说是大自然对人类的馈赠。通常,19℃~34℃是沉香树最佳的生长温度。沉香产香不易,而对于其结香采香通常有砍伤法、半断干法、人工接种香法、凿洞法这么基本的四种方式。     

香藜一号根蒿两用育苗基质筛选初探

选用土壤、草炭、珍珠岩、鸡粪为基质材料,进行香藜一号根蒿两用育苗基质筛选初探研究。采用随机区组试验设计,分析比较各处理对幼苗生长发育影响。结果表明,当田园土、草炭、珍珠岩、鸡粪4种基质配比为1∶2∶5∶2时,能提高香藜一号幼苗壮苗指数和成苗率,增加株高、茎粗和叶数,促进匍匐茎的生长发育。因此,试验范围内的香藜一号根蒿两用育苗基质中,以田园土:草炭:珍珠岩:鸡粪体积比为1∶2∶5∶2最佳。     

饲用菜籽饼微生物脱毒研究

从霉菌（Ｍｏｕｌｄ）、酵母菌（Ｙｅａｓｔ）、乳酸细菌（Ｌａｃｔｉｃｂａｃｔｅｒｉａ）中选育出对菜籽饼粕中的抗营养因子具有强降解能力的根霉（Ｒｈｉｚｏｐｕｓ ｓｐｐ．）、白地霉（Ｇｅｏｔｒｉｃｈｕｍ ｃａｎｄｉｄｕｍ）、酿酒酵母（Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｃｅｒｅｖｉｓｉａｅ）、乳酸杆菌（Ｌａｃｔｏｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｐｐ．）。采用纯培养、混种固态发酵法对菜籽粕进行微生物脱毒试验，初步研究结果表明     

MaxEnt模型下的外来入侵种香丝草在中国的潜在分布区预测

本研究基于生态位模型(MaxEnt),在大量已有居群分布点数据的基础上对香丝草(Conyza bonariensis)在中国的潜在分布区域进行了预测.结果表明:最冷季度平均温度、年均温、最冷月最低温、最干季度平均温度、干月降水量和最干季度降水量这6个环境因子对香丝草分布预测的影响最大;除新疆、青海、内蒙古、宁夏、黑龙江、吉林和辽宁省之外,其他地区均被预测为香丝草的适生区.目前,香丝草的潜在入侵区仍大于实际分布区,因此,预测该物种还将会进一步扩散;四川西部、云南南部、陕西北部、山东西北部、山西北部和甘肃及河北的大部分地区非常靠近已经被入侵的区域,应引起相关机构的重视,防止其进一步入侵.     

一株香茅草内生细菌Pantoea ananatis CcSh-1的分离、鉴定及产香条件优化研究

从成熟香茅草的鞘部,分离筛选出一株具有明显清新愉悦香味的内生细菌CcSh-1.通过形态学、生理生化和16SrRNA序列分析,鉴定该菌株为菠萝泛菌(Pantoea ananatis).采用顶空气相色谱质谱联用仪技术,检测出CcSh-1的挥发性组分包含以柠檬醛为主要成分的萜类化合物,与香茅草的产香成分相似.综合考察CcSh-1在液体培养条件下的产香效果和生长状况,初步确定CcSh-1的最适宜培养条件:以牛肉膏为碳源,蛋白胨为氮源,温度30℃,pH 7.0.同时,培养基中加入1%(w/v)香茅草粉末,能够促进CcSh-1产香,体现了内生菌与其宿主间存在相互作用.     

香猪的胴体性能及常规肉质指标测定

香猪是世界著名的小型猪,其体躯矮、短、小、丰圆、肥腴,具有生长环境原生态、肉质细嫩鲜美、干物质含量高、易吞咽、滋味好等优良特性,是加工高档猪肉产品的最佳原料。香猪因其体重、生理生化指标、某些脏器等与人类有很大的相似性,是做实验动物模型的理想素材。贵州香猪分布广,不同地域的贵州香猪毛色遗传多样,为贵州香猪遗传资源的保护及创新利用奠定基础。经香猪肉质嫩度测定：从江香猪肉质综合性能优于其它香猪类型。     

不同方法提取四数九里香挥发油气质联用分析

分别采用超临界CO2流体萃取法(SFE)、超声波溶剂萃取法及水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)提取四数九里香中挥发油,并用GC-MS对其化学成分进行分析,采用峰面积归一法确定各组分相对含量.结果表明,超临界C02流体萃取法提取挥发油共鉴定了38种成分;超声提取法提取挥发油共鉴定12种成分;水蒸气蒸馏法法提取的挥发油共鉴定了33种成分,含量最高组分均为薄荷酮.3种提取方法所得挥发油组分与含量差别较大,为进一步开发应用四数九里香挥发性成分提供了实验依据     

三峡库区消落带流域的生态重建技术分析

提出利用香根草与工程综合技术来治理消落带的水土流失、富营养化污染、重金属污染、固体废弃物污染和垃圾渗漏液污染等生态环境问题的实施方案.并对产生生态灾害的可能性进行了分析,提出建立可持续发展的生态系统工程措施.     

Effects of Chinese herbs capable of replenishing qi, nourishing yin and activating blood circulation and their compatibility on differentially expressed genes of ischemic myocardium

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Chinese herbs capable of replenishing qi, nourishing yin and activating blood circulation and their compatibility on differentially expressed genes of ischemic myocardium which were selected from differential expression profile we had established before, and to explore the underlying mechanism. The acute myocardial infarction （AMi） model was established by ligating the left anterior descending （LAD） coronary artery, then the model rats were randomly divided into the model group, the Metoprolol group, the replenishing qi nourishing yin （RN） group, the activating blood circulation （AB） group, and the replenishing qi, nourishing yin and activating blood circulation （RA） group. In addition, the normal group and the sham group were set up. The rats of medication groups were administered by intragastric gavage with corresponding drugs on the second day after operations, and the rats of the normal group and the sham group were given normal saline as the same time.Then the ischemic hearts were harvested on the 8th day after operation. The myocardial pathomorphological changes were observed under a light microscope. The mRNA changes of target genes such as COX5a and ATP5e were detected using Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR （Q-PCR）, and the activities of related enzymes were detected by colorimetric assay. The main resuits were as follows： the histological changes were observed by HE staining, and cardiocyte swelling, inflammatory cell infiltration and cytolysis were showed in regional ischemic myocardium of the model group, while the pathomorphological changes in all medication groups did not show obvious changes. Two genes related to energy metabolism, COX5a and ATP5e, were selected as the target genes which were down-regulated at the mRNA level in the medication groups. The activities of correlative functional enzymes also decreased in the RA group compared to that in the model group accordingly （P〈0.05）. The results indicated that the abnormal expression of genes involved in energy metabolism pathways could be one of the molecular mechanisms of AMI. The compatibility of Chinese herbs capable of replenishing qi, nourishing yin and activating blood circulation affects the expression of energy-relative gene COX5a, ATP5e, which is probably the mechanism of myocardial preservation, and is more effective than single herb of replenishing qi and nourishing yin or activating blood circulation.