香藜一号根蒿两用育苗基质筛选初探

选用土壤、草炭、珍珠岩、鸡粪为基质材料,进行香藜一号根蒿两用育苗基质筛选初探研究。采用随机区组试验设计,分析比较各处理对幼苗生长发育影响。结果表明,当田园土、草炭、珍珠岩、鸡粪4种基质配比为1∶2∶5∶2时,能提高香藜一号幼苗壮苗指数和成苗率,增加株高、茎粗和叶数,促进匍匐茎的生长发育。因此,试验范围内的香藜一号根蒿两用育苗基质中,以田园土:草炭:珍珠岩:鸡粪体积比为1∶2∶5∶2最佳。     

MaxEnt模型下的外来入侵种香丝草在中国的潜在分布区预测

本研究基于生态位模型(MaxEnt),在大量已有居群分布点数据的基础上对香丝草(Conyza bonariensis)在中国的潜在分布区域进行了预测.结果表明:最冷季度平均温度、年均温、最冷月最低温、最干季度平均温度、干月降水量和最干季度降水量这6个环境因子对香丝草分布预测的影响最大;除新疆、青海、内蒙古、宁夏、黑龙江、吉林和辽宁省之外,其他地区均被预测为香丝草的适生区.目前,香丝草的潜在入侵区仍大于实际分布区,因此,预测该物种还将会进一步扩散;四川西部、云南南部、陕西北部、山东西北部、山西北部和甘肃及河北的大部分地区非常靠近已经被入侵的区域,应引起相关机构的重视,防止其进一步入侵.     

香猪的胴体性能及常规肉质指标测定

香猪是世界著名的小型猪,其体躯矮、短、小、丰圆、肥腴,具有生长环境原生态、肉质细嫩鲜美、干物质含量高、易吞咽、滋味好等优良特性,是加工高档猪肉产品的最佳原料。香猪因其体重、生理生化指标、某些脏器等与人类有很大的相似性,是做实验动物模型的理想素材。贵州香猪分布广,不同地域的贵州香猪毛色遗传多样,为贵州香猪遗传资源的保护及创新利用奠定基础。经香猪肉质嫩度测定：从江香猪肉质综合性能优于其它香猪类型。     

不同方法提取四数九里香挥发油气质联用分析

分别采用超临界CO2流体萃取法(SFE)、超声波溶剂萃取法及水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)提取四数九里香中挥发油,并用GC-MS对其化学成分进行分析,采用峰面积归一法确定各组分相对含量.结果表明,超临界C02流体萃取法提取挥发油共鉴定了38种成分;超声提取法提取挥发油共鉴定12种成分;水蒸气蒸馏法法提取的挥发油共鉴定了33种成分,含量最高组分均为薄荷酮.3种提取方法所得挥发油组分与含量差别较大,为进一步开发应用四数九里香挥发性成分提供了实验依据     

Effects of Chinese herbs capable of replenishing qi, nourishing yin and activating blood circulation and their compatibility on differentially expressed genes of ischemic myocardium

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Chinese herbs capable of replenishing qi, nourishing yin and activating blood circulation and their compatibility on differentially expressed genes of ischemic myocardium which were selected from differential expression profile we had established before, and to explore the underlying mechanism. The acute myocardial infarction （AMi） model was established by ligating the left anterior descending （LAD） coronary artery, then the model rats were randomly divided into the model group, the Metoprolol group, the replenishing qi nourishing yin （RN） group, the activating blood circulation （AB） group, and the replenishing qi, nourishing yin and activating blood circulation （RA） group. In addition, the normal group and the sham group were set up. The rats of medication groups were administered by intragastric gavage with corresponding drugs on the second day after operations, and the rats of the normal group and the sham group were given normal saline as the same time.Then the ischemic hearts were harvested on the 8th day after operation. The myocardial pathomorphological changes were observed under a light microscope. The mRNA changes of target genes such as COX5a and ATP5e were detected using Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR （Q-PCR）, and the activities of related enzymes were detected by colorimetric assay. The main resuits were as follows： the histological changes were observed by HE staining, and cardiocyte swelling, inflammatory cell infiltration and cytolysis were showed in regional ischemic myocardium of the model group, while the pathomorphological changes in all medication groups did not show obvious changes. Two genes related to energy metabolism, COX5a and ATP5e, were selected as the target genes which were down-regulated at the mRNA level in the medication groups. The activities of correlative functional enzymes also decreased in the RA group compared to that in the model group accordingly （P〈0.05）. The results indicated that the abnormal expression of genes involved in energy metabolism pathways could be one of the molecular mechanisms of AMI. The compatibility of Chinese herbs capable of replenishing qi, nourishing yin and activating blood circulation affects the expression of energy-relative gene COX5a, ATP5e, which is probably the mechanism of myocardial preservation, and is more effective than single herb of replenishing qi and nourishing yin or activating blood circulation.     

黄菖蒲根际低分子量有机酸对土壤吸附氨氮的影响

根际低分子量有机酸是一类活性的化感物质, 具有促进污染物迁移、转化与累积等重要的生态功能.本研究利用GC-MS技术, 解析了黄菖蒲根际代谢物的组分特征与相对含量, 通过模拟实验揭示了低分子量有机酸对土壤吸附氨氮的热-动力学的影响.结果表明:黄菖蒲根际代谢的不同种类低分子量有机酸均能促进氨氮吸附, 但作用程度存在差异; 氨氮在土壤中的吸附动力学符合Elovich方程与双常数方程, 等温吸附均符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程的特征,其键能常数K_L与有机酸解离常数pKa呈负相关; 低分子量有机酸调控土壤吸附氨氮的机理主要是有机质活化作用.     

红曲霉Monascus sanguineus X1处理黄水的培养基优化及酯化液制备

黄水是白酒酿造的主要副产物之一,富含多种有机质,可用于制备酯化液促进白酒增香,提高其利用率。研究了一株高产酯化酶的红曲霉菌株Monascus sanguineus X1,以酯化酶活力为指标,从碳源、碳氮比、接种量和pH值4个方面对X1菌株的培养基进行单因素实验及正交试验优化;采用酯化酶液处理黄水,制备酯化液,研究了黄水、乙醇、己酸等酯化前体物质添加量对酯化液制备的影响。结果表明,该红曲霉优化发酵培养基组分(以100mL计):大米粉7.0g,大豆蛋白胨2.0g,NaNO₃ 0.2g,KH₂PO₄ 0.15g,MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.1g,培养基初始pH值5.0,接种量10%(体积分数)。在此条件下,添加体积分数为10%的黄水和体积分数为4%的乙醇,酶活力可达745.80U/mL。向酯化酶液中加入体积分数为0.8%的己酸和体积分数为20%的乙醇继续培养1d后,酯化液中己酸乙酯的体积分数可达0.121%;而向酯化酶液中补加体积分数为10%的黄水后,己酸乙酯和乳酸乙酯的体积分数分别可达0.055% 和0.032%。该结果旨在为将黄水资源用于白酒增香提供理论参考。     

600米深的地下植物王国——探险广西乐业大石围天坑

<正>从20世纪90年代起,我国的地质学家开始研究天坑地貌,并组织进行了十余次的中外联合天坑探险科考活动。迄今为止世界上发现的天坑有94处,超过半数在中国。广西乐业大石围天坑群在近100平方千米内发育有28个天坑,而全球包含3个和3个以上天坑的区域共有17处,数量均不超过10个。因此地质专家得出了这样的结论——乐业大石围天坑群是世界第一天坑群。