Induction of nicotine in tobacco by herbivory and its relation to glucose oxidase activity in the labial gland of three noctuid caterpillars

Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum L. is a host plant ofHelicoverpa armigera (Huibner), Helicoverpa assulta Guenee and Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). The difference in leaf nicotine response to the feeding by these three larvae and the mechanical simulation of their feeding was examined by HPLC. Results indicated that nicotine induction was suppressed by H. armigera and H. assulta larvae feeding or by simulated damage treated with their labial glands extracts. The production of nicotine was also suppressed by the glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger when it was treated on mechanically wounded leaf area. On the contrary, the nicotine production was stimulated by S. litura larva feeding or by simulated damage treated with its labial gland extract. Heat denature can not counteract the stimulation effect of the S. litura labial gland extracts to tobacco nicotine production. The glucose oxidase activity was detected in labial gland extracts of both H. armigera and H. assulta, but the activity in H. armigera was significantly higher than that in H. assulta. No glucose oxidase activity was detected in labial gland extracts of S. litura. It is shown that the glucose oxidase activity in labial glands of caterpillars plays an important role in the nicotine response to herbivory. The glucose oxidase was mainly contained in the labial gland of H. armigera larva, and had the highest activity at pH 7.0. D-Glucose was the optimal substrate of the glucose oxidase. Labial gland glucose oxidase activities varied daily during larval development with high activities found when larvae were actively feeding.     

新式个人金字塔饮食法

最近,美国农业部新推出新的个人金字塔饮食法,为每个人量身订制饮食原则,让吃不再是一种罪恶,而且要求民众每天至少做30min的运动,这样可降低罹患慢性疾病的概率。目前已有许多研究显示,只通过饮食控制并不能解决所有的问题,必须把运动列入日常生活中。要通过饮食吃得健康,必须     

大理花甸坝几种栽培药物根际土中捕食线虫真菌的种类及分布

调查了大理花甸坝地区几种栽培药物根际土中捕食线虫真菌,发现大黄、木香、半夏、川芎、草乌根际土中捕食线虫真菌的种类在各种植物中有一定变化,以大黄根际土中种类最多,最低的是半夏和木香。在5种植物中共发现捕食线虫真菌10种,其中以Arthrotrysoligospora和Arthrobotrysmusiformis,出现的频率最高,其次是Moncrosporumellipsosporum。     

具有第类功能性反应的捕-食系统的定性分析

研究了捕食者无密度制约,食饵有密度制约的具有Holling第 类功能性反应的捕-食系统的定性行为.在食饵有(或无)常数放养率的情况下,利用Pioncare-Bendixson环域定理及极限环的唯一性定理,对此系统作了完整的定性分析.结果表明,在一定条件下,当正平衡点稳定时,系统为全局渐进稳定的;当正平衡点不稳定时,系统存在唯一的极限环.     

倾斜式双滚柱包络环面蜗杆传动弹流润滑分析

为了研究倾斜式双滚柱包络环面蜗杆传动在啮合过程中考虑粗糙度时的润滑特性,根据弹性流体动力润滑理论和牛顿流体弹流润滑模型,建立了倾斜式双滚柱包络环面蜗杆传动的弹流润滑简化模型和线接触弹流润滑数学模型。考虑共轭齿面粗糙峰和粗糙谷对弹流润滑的影响,采用牛顿迭代法和牛顿-拉夫逊法对该传动副进行了数值求解,分别得出粗糙峰和粗糙谷在不同粗糙度幅值时的油膜厚度和油膜压力曲线,并分析了一个共轭齿对从啮入到啮出不同啮合时刻的油膜厚度和油膜压力。最后,分析了滚柱半径、喉径系数、滚柱偏距对弹流润滑特性的影响。结果表明:粗糙度的存在对传动副的润滑是不利的,粗糙度幅值越大,越不利于传动副的润滑;在第3个齿开始啮入的时刻,是传动副润滑的最危险区;要保持该传动副具有良好的润滑性能,滚柱半径、滚柱偏距不宜过大,喉径系数不宜过小。     

荞麦立枯丝核菌发酵液对苦荞萌发和生长的影响

采用胚根生长抑制法测定了荞麦立枯丝核菌发酵液对苦荞种子萌发和生长的影响.结果表明:立枯丝核菌Rs-1发酵液对苦荞种子萌发和生长具有明显的抑制作用,其抑制效果与发酵液类型、处理浓度和添加时间紧密相关;苦荞种子经马铃薯葡萄糖培养基(PD)发酵液、查氏(CD)发酵液和以蛋白胨为氮源的查氏发酵液处理后,其根长受到明显的抑制,仅为1.02、0.44和0.07 cm,与空白对照相比较,其抑制率分别为81.1%、92.9%和98.8%;当PD发酵液/灭菌发酵液处理浓度为100%时,对根长的抑制率可达92.3%和92.7%;PD发酵液/灭菌发酵液在第0 d处理苦荞种子时,对根长抑制效果最为显著,抑制率达到96.7%和96.0%;80℃下处理20 min后的PD发酵液,对苦荞根的生长仍有显著抑制效果,其抑制率可达98.8%.本研究结果为荞麦立枯丝核菌致病机制的深入研究提供了依据.     

长得像牛的食肉牛龙

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数码卷绕的概念和技术

数码卷绕是在精密卷绕的基础上，引入导丝机构的数字控制方式，得到张力更稳定、纱管成形更完善的最新卷绕技术。文章介绍了高速精密数码卷绕技术的概念、实现原理和应用现状。     

腐烂鲸尸为什么会爆炸?

正不久前,在加拿大一个小镇,一头死亡的蓝鲸搁浅在了海滩上。为了预防它因腐烂产生气体,从而引起爆炸,专家们在处置这具重达170吨的尸体时着实忙乎了一番。活的或死的海洋哺乳动物搁浅海滩的现象并不鲜见。随着尸体内脏及胃内物腐烂,气体会在尸体内累积。不过,鲸鱼的皮肤和脂肪非常坚韧,鲸鱼的巨大喉囊也能承受很大的压力(鲸鱼的喉囊会膨胀,这是为了充盈海水和把海水逼出以滤食食物)。