折流板式外压管超滤器的传质研究

在外压管超滤器的管束上,设置了弓形和环形折流挡板,有效地提高了流体湍动程度。用α-淀粉酶为料液,测定了不同挡板型式时的蛋白凝胶层浓度和传质系数,并建立了传质准数方程。     

Indonesian Throughflow in an eddy-permitting oceanic GCM

An eddy-permitting quasi-global oceanic GCM was driven by wind stresses from reanalysis data for the period of 1958-2001 to get the time series of the upper circulation in the Indonesian Sea. The model represents a reasonable pathway of Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) with Makassar Strait making the major passage transfer the North Pacific water southward. The simulated annual mean ITF transport is 14.5 Sv, with 13.2 Sv in the upper 700 m. Annual cycle is the dominant signal for the seasonal climatology of the upper layer transport. Both the annual mean and seasonal cycle agree well with the observation. The overall correlation between the interannual anomaly of the ITF transport and Nino 3.4 index reaches -0.65 in the simulation,which indicates that ENSO-related interannual variability in the Pacific is dominant in controlling the ITF transport. The relationship between the interannual anomalies of ITF and sea surface temperature in the Pacific, the Indian Ocean is not fixed in the simulation. In 1994, for instance, the intensive Indian Ocean sea surface temperature anomaly plays a dominant role in the formation of an impressive large transport of ITF.     

在恒壁面热流条件下汽泡接触周期研究

以湍流漩涡扩散理论为根据,建立了漩涡与壁面接触时液体温度的分布方程。再根据汽泡顶点温度必须高于热力平衡温度的原则,确定了接触周期,该计算分析结果与文献所给出的实验数据吻合较好。     

带贫料端挡板的离心机的流场及分离性能的研究

从线性化的Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程组出发,采用有限差分的数值计算方法,研究带贫料端挡板的离心机内的流动特性。并在流场计算结果的基础上,用改进的径向平均法求解丰度方程,用复合形法对流动参数进行优化选择并对带贫料端挡板的离心机的分离性能进行了计算。带挡板后流动图象很复杂,挡板会使机械驱动和下盖驱动效应明显减弱,但能改善流型效率。优化选择后,带贫粒端挡板的离心机能使分离效率明显提高。     

Large Eddy Simulation of Particle-Laden Turbulent Flow over a Backward-Facing Step

Particle diffusion in large eddy structures with various Stokes number was analyzed numerically for the two-dimensional gas-particle turbulent flow over a backward-facing step. The continuous phase simulation was analyzed using the large eddy simulation (LES) method while the particle phase was analyzed by the Lagrangian method. The spatial and temporal results were used to analyze the evolution of the large eddy coherent structures and the vortex-particle interactions. The effect of the particle Stokes number on the instantaneous particle concentration distributions was also discussed. The simulations of the single-phase flow reproduced the character of the separation and reattachment flow and the essential features of the coherent structures. Numerous and complex vortex structures appeared at the high Reynolds number. Furthermore, the simulation shows that the Stokes number plays an important role in the particle dispersion and the instantaneous particle distribution. The continuous phase time-averaged results and the particle phase time-averaged results obtained from the LES analysis agree well with previous experimental data.     

进水口最小淹没水深和消涡措施

为了防止进水口前产生吸气漩涡,水电站或泵站进水口前要求有一定的淹没深度,在总结具有代表性的不产生吸气漩涡的临界淹没水深经验公式的基础上,以某水电站进水口为依托开展了模型试验研究,比较了各经验公式在该电站进水口应用中的适用性。结果表明,戈登公式计算值与试验值最为接近。最后,通过模型试验进一步分析了水电站进水口漩涡的影响因素,提出了几种消除吸气漩涡的工程措施。     

沙波附近紊流拟序结构特性初步研究

在底部为定床沙波的循环水槽中采用流场综合分析法将流动显示与计算机图像处理相结合进行系统实验研究，重点研究了紊流猝发形态和特性。分析表明：沙波床面对明渠紊流拟序结构的特性有重要影响。水流在沙波坡顶分离，沙波周围高于沙波顶部的流区为自由紊流区，低于沙波顶部的流区为沙波紊流区；在自由紊流区典型的剪切混合层也有显著的以喷射和清扫为主要特征的猝发现象；在沙波紊流区的沙波迎水坡面上水流分离，在背水坡附近产生漩涡；自由紊流区与沙波紊流区之间的紊流拟序结构不同，它们相互作用的结果产生了特有的泡漩现象；沙波紊流区和自由紊流区的紊流拟序结构和它们的相互作用对可冲积河流的水流与泥沙运动有决定性作用。     

逃离死亡漩涡

猝不及防的灾难这个星期天是12月最冷的一天了,积雪早已覆盖了大地,寒风透过厚厚的衣服拼命地往身体里钻,50岁的尼克一边哼着歌,一边给他的小货车上着防冻剂。尼克一直精心经营着自己在纽约的斯克内俄斯农场。由于长期从事体力劳动,他的身体一直很棒,     

电磁法检测漩涡频率的涡街流量计

传统的涡街流量计对管径雷诺数R_eD<10⁴时的流量不能测量,且仪表的耐震性差,遇到安装地点震动或管道振动的场合,则测量结果经常失真,不能保证准确性,并且仪表的安装条件苛刻。文中介绍了基于电磁检测法的电磁涡街流量计的原理、设计及如何克服上述缺点的举措。     

电站双孔进水口临界淹没水深的试验研究

目的在于通过模型试验总结出电站双孔进水口计算临界淹没水深的经验公式。试验在三峡电站进水口的大比尺模型 (1∶ 30 )上进行。试验数据用计算机进行回归分析 ,拟合出数据曲线 ,得出双孔进水口计算临界淹没水深的经验公式 ,将此公式与清华大学水利系以前做的单孔进水口临界淹没水深经验公式及 Gordon公式进行比较。指出双孔进水口公式具有实际工程用途且具有优越性 ,在设计电站双孔进水口确定临界淹没水深时 ,可供设计者参考