风化煤腐植酸吸附镉离子的研究

对七台河风化煤腐植吸附和交换镉离子的性能进行了试验研究。为七台河风化煤的工业利用做了前期工作。     

Fluid inclusions evidence for differential exhumation of ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks in the Sulu terrane

Since the discovery of coesite and diamond inclusions in eclogites from the Dabie-Sulu orogen, east-central China[1―3], this largest ultrahigh pressure (UHP) metamor- phic terrane in the world has attracted extensive scientific interests. A number of hydrous minerals such as zoisite, phengite, magnesite and talc have been found in the UHP rocks, showing that fluids have played an important role in this type of extreme metamorphic evolution[4―8]. Sev-eral techniques have been applied to th…     

Breakdown of lawsonite subsequent to peak UHP metamorphism in the Dabie terrane and its implication for fluid activity

Abundant occurrences of quartz vein within eclogites in the Dabie-Sulu orogen provide us an opportunity to study metamorphic fluid flow during subduction and exhumation of continental crust. It is, however, usually short of petrological constraints on pressure and temperature of vein formation. This study focuses on kyanite-quartz veins within Iow-T/high-P eclogite in the Dabie terrane that contain unique polycrystalline aggregates, interpreted as pseudomorphs after porphyroblasts of lawsonite. Coesite pseudomorphs were found for the first time in garnet from eclogite, resulting in a revised estimate of peak P-T conditions at 670℃ and 3.3 GPa for the eclogite. This indicates a stability field at graphite/diamond transition, thus upgrading the HP unit to a UHP unit. Neither foliation texture, undulose extinction of quartz nor coesite were observed in quartz veins,although the peak P-T conditions were estimated the same as that in host eclogite in light of thermodynamic calculation based on mineral assemblage in kyanite-quartz veins.Therefore, the formation of the kyanite-quartz veins as wellas the breakdown of lawsonlte into the kyanite-quartz-zoisite assemblage took place during exhumation subsequent to the peak UHP conditions. In this regard, the continental subduction not only brought the water of water-bearing mineral such as lawsonite into the deep mantle, but also released the water from the mineral during exhumation.     

高位顺层钻孔瓦斯抽放数值模拟

针对八连城煤矿19号煤层62.1%~71.6%的瓦斯来源于采空区的问题,提出高位顺层钻孔抽放采空区瓦斯的治理方案.基于关键层理论和"O"形圈理论,分析了采空区上覆岩层裂隙形态,对瓦斯在其中的运移规律进行了研究,认为在上覆岩层采动裂隙中瓦斯流动符合达西定律.利用商业软件COMSOL-Multiphysics对瓦斯抽放进行了数值模拟,直观展示了瓦斯抽采时的瓦斯分布状态.模拟结果表明瓦斯抽放有效降低了瓦斯压力,给现场瓦斯抽放提供了理论依据,具有重要的实践意义.     

湖泊沉积物Rb／Sr比值的古气候含义

由于 Rb、Sr 在表生过程中地球化学性质的明显差异,不同的封闭湖盆接纳的各种气候条件下形成的连续沉积物具有明显不同含量的 Rb、Sr,沉积物 Rb/Sr 比值的变化序列可以反映流域经历的化学风化及气候演变历程。利用湖泊沉积物记录的 Rb/Sr 比值反演流域古环境变迁比利用海洋沉积物、黄土-古土壤更直接,减少了不确定性,优势明显。     

不溶性腐植酸的制备及其吸附能力

采用陕西黄陵风化煤中提取的腐植酸为原料,选取保温温度和保温时间为变量,利用高温脱水钙化法制备出不同条件下的不溶性腐植酸.实验结果表明当改性的腐植酸保温时间为2 h,保温温度为330℃时,吸附效果最佳,最佳条件下制备的不溶性腐植酸对水体中Cu~(2+)的吸附量为8.87 mg/g,对亚甲基蓝吸附效率达98.8%.腐植酸的碘吸附值158.4 mg/g,而最佳制备条件下的不溶性的腐植酸比表面积增加,微孔吸附能力增强,碘吸附值可达262.9 mg/g.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析可以看出不溶性腐植酸表面更加粗糙,并负载了许多球状小颗粒,有助于提高吸附能力;傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析表明不溶性腐植酸结构中羟基和有机卤化物的含量明显增高,有利于对重金属离子和有机污染物的吸附.     

夯土遗址表层热劣化模拟试验研究

以武威明长城夯土遗址为例,通过现场调查及室内模拟试验,研究分析夯土遗址表层的热劣化机制.X射线衍射及电镜扫描试验表明:遗址表层与母墙土的矿物成分相似,表层微观结构平滑,但风化明显.热劣化模拟试验表明,试样表层热传导系数、热扩散系数及体积比热均低于母墙.热劣化过程中,表层与母墙的热传导系数与热扩散系数均维持稳定.研究认为,夯土遗址表层与母墙组成具有热性质差异的双层结构,在温差作用下,双层结构间的稳定热差异会使其接触面产生热应力差.热应力差的持续作用使接触面劣化疲劳,导致遗址表层与母墙分离,产生剥离病害.     

矸石井壁后注浆技术在煤矿生产中的应用

<正>朱集西煤矿设计年生产能力400万吨,工业广场内布置有主井、副井、风井和矸石井共四个井筒,其中主、副、风三井表土段和基岩风化带采用冻结法施工,矸石井表土段和基岩风化带采用钻井法施工,下部基岩段采用地面预注浆法堵水、普通钻爆法施工。矸石井钻井段设计净直径为5.2m,穿过表土冲积层厚度为469.55m,钻井直径7.7m,钻井深度545m,井筒全深1000m。矸石井钻井段井深0~361m为钢筋混凝土井壁,361~541m为双层钢板混凝土复合井     

三峡库区典型泥岩边坡风化特性现场监测分析

泥岩边坡暴露地表具有易风化特点,分析其中的风化规律对边坡防治工程具有重要的现实意义。以三峡库区的重庆地区典型紫红色泥岩边坡为研究对象,制定原泥岩边坡的监测方案,在坡肩和坡角布设了6个原位监测点,获取了较丰富的原始数据。结果表明,风化年平均厚度可达8.1 cm,紫红色泥岩正常风化速度最大达每月0.82 cm,最小为每月0.23 cm。这些风化剥落特性与外部季节变化、降雨频次以及岩体的完整性等影响相关性明显——夏季昼夜温差大、降雨频次高,全年中风化发展最快;降雨越少的季节,风化发展越缓慢;边度的坡肩风化裂纹更突出,坡脚的风化剥落厚度更大。