Modern stalagmite oxygen isotopic composition and its implications of climatic change from a high-elevation cave in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau over the past 50 years

An oxygen isotope record of a stalagmite from Huanglong Cave in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau dated with 230Th and 210Pb methods provides variations of the Asian monsoon with an average resolu-tion of 1 year over the past 50 years. This study shows that the δ18O of dripwater in the cave represents the annual mean δ18O of local meteoric precipitation and the stalagmites were deposited in isotopic equilibrium. A comparison of the stalagmite δ18O record with instrumentally meteorological data indi-cates that shifts of the δ18O are largely controlled by the amount effect of meteoric precipitation con-veyed through the southwest monsoon(the Indian monsoon) and less affected by temperature. Therefore,the variations of δ18O record reflect the changes in monsoon precipitation on inter-annual time scales under the influence of the southwest monsoon. Like many other stalagmite δ18O records in the Asian monsoon regions,the δ18O record of the stalagmite from Huanglong Cave also reveals a gradually enriched trend during the past 50 years,i.e. relatively enriched in 18O. This trend may indicate the decline of the Asian monsoon intensity which is consistent with the decrease of monsoon indices. The weakening of the modern Asian monsoon well matched with the temperature changes in strato-sphere,which may illustrate that the weakening of the monsoon mainly results from the lowering of solar radiation.     

高度特化等级裂腹鱼类分子系统发育与生物地理学

分析了分布于青藏高原及其邻近地区23个种和亚种36个群体高度特化等级裂腹鱼类的线粒体DNA细胞色素b序列, 重建了系统发育关系. 并采用地质隔离事件校正分支时间, 估计了主要分支发生时间. 结果发现, 高度特化等级裂腹鱼类不是单系群, 裸鲤属和裸裂尻属也不是单系群. 全裸重唇鱼可能是特化类群向高度特化类群演化的过渡类型. 高度特化等级裂腹鱼类的系统发育关系总体上反映了水系之间和地质历史的联系, 即来自相同和相邻水系的物种通常具有更近的亲缘关系. 估计的主要分支发生事件与青藏高原近晚地质时期强烈隆起有很好的一致性, 表明高度特化等级裂腹鱼类的起源演化与晚新生代青藏高原阶段性抬升导致的环境变化相关.     

九顶山药用植物资源多样性研究

九顶山是青藏高原向四川盆地过渡的山地之一，山体高大，垂直生境变化明显，孕育了丰富的药用植物．本次调查获得药用资源植物184种，其中以多年生植物为主(51．1％)，其次为矮小高位芽植物(15．8％)和中高位芽植物(10．9％)，大高位芽植物、小高位芽植物和一年生植物比例相对较小，它们分属72科，种数较多的科依次是菊科、蔷薇科、唇形科、伞形科、毛莨科、禾本科、豆科、百合科、蓼科和芸香科，单种科比较多，约有40余科．在野外调查的基础上分析了九顶山药用资源的生态学特征、资源特点，并根据调查中发现的问题提出了保护和合理开发药用植物资源的措施．     

青藏高原过去2000年来气候环境变化研究

以现代过程研究为先导，以冰芯记录为手段，进行气候环境信息的挖掘，将影响环境的自然与人为因素进行整体研究，对环境长期演变过程中的重大自然事件和人为事件，特别是灾害事件进行剖析，从而提示青藏高原过去2000年来气候环境的变化特征与机理；阐明极低温环境下的微生物演化特征；揭示历史时期青藏高原大气温室气体含量变化的原因及其与气候变化之间的关系，并评价人类活动对环境的影响。     

Diurnal and monthly variations of carbon dioxide flux in an alpine shrub on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Long-term flux observation is an efficient approachto collect CO2 emission or assimilation data in an ecosys-tem. In cooperation with a series of international coopera-tion programs including those sponsored by IGBP (Inter-national Geosphere-Biosphere Program), WCRP (WorldClimate Research Program), IHDP (International HumanDimension of Global Environment Change), GCTE(Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystem) and LUCC(Land Use and Land Cover Change), a lot of researchwork conce…     

Early tectonic uplift of the northern Tibetan Plateau

The Hexi Corridor is the northmost foreland basin of the Tibetan Plateau and its formation is controlled by the northern marginal fault of Tibet, Altyn Tagh Fault （ATF）-North Qilian Shan marginal Fault （NQF）, and the southern Kuantan Shan-Longshou Shan Fault （KLF）. So its study is important to understanding the mechanism of Tibet formation and its influence on global climate change. The oldest Cenozoic sediments in the Corridor is the Huoshaogou Formation which consists of terrigenous fine conglomerate, sandstone, sandy mudstone and mudstone, depositing in al- luvial to lacustrine and fan delta sedimentary environments. Detailed paleomagnetic measurements of this sequence at Yumen clearly reveal eleven pairs of normal and reversed polarities. Fossil mammals found around the section support that most of the observed polarities can be well correlated with chrons between 13n and 18r of the standard geomagnetic polarity time scale, yielding ages of 40.2-33.35 Ma. The mean declinations of this sequence and its immediately above stratigraphy indicate an 18.3° rapid clockwise rotation of the Hexi Corridor. Since this sequence has been strongly folded and is capped by an angular unconformity, we think that the presence of the thick alluvial fan conglomeration at the bottom of the foreland basin may indicate the initial deformation and uplift of the northern Qilian Shan. This process could occur at latest at 40.2 Ma, driven by the faults NQF and KLF that thrust onto the Hexi corridor respectively from its southern and northern margins. These faults are in an early response to the collision of India with Asia, while the unconformable termination and rotation of the Huoshaogou Formation at -33.35 Ma indicate other early episode of rapid tectonic deformation and uplift of the northern Tibet.     

Origin of summer monsoon rainfall identified by δ18O in precipitation

A negative correlation between δ^18O in monsoon precipitation and f, the ratio of precipitable water in monsoon region to that in water source area, is hypothesized. Using the Rayleigh model, a new method for identifying origin of summer monsoon rainfall is developed based on the hypothesis. In order to validate the method, the isotopic data at New Delhi, a typical station in the southwest monsoon region, and Hong Kong, a typical station in the southeast monsoon region, were collected and analyzed for case studies. The case studies indicate that the water source areas of the monsoon rairdall at the two stations identified by the method are accordant with the general atmosphere circulation patterns. The method developed in this paper is significantly important for tracing the origin of summer monsoon precipitation.     

关联规则及其在灾害天气预测中的应用

对空间关联规则的有关概念和主要挖掘方法进行了介绍,在此基础上,结合日本地球静止气象卫星(GMS)记录的红外辐射亮温资料和国家卫星气象中心高分辨率有限区域分析预报系统产品中的数值格点预报资料(HLAFS)值,运用空间关联规则挖掘技术对青藏高原上MCS东移与其环境场之间的关系进行了研究,得到了一些有意义的结论．     

一种改进的判别方法及其在纵向岭谷夏季降水预测中应用

 在遵循Fisher判别准则的基础上,提出了一种判别系数和判别临界值随时间变化的新方法,并应用于能反映纵向岭谷区域降水主要变化规律的镇沅测站7月份降雨量的预报中.在前人工作指出印度洋海温变化对该区降水变化有显著影响的基础上,以前期秋季、冬季和春季印度洋海温距平的纬向梯度为预报因子,建立判别预报方程.实际应用结果表明,此方法具有较好的历史回报率和外推预报率;同时具有良好的预报稳定性.     

藏北火车头山新生代火山岩的岩石特征与时代

火车头山地区的新生代火山岩位于藏北火山岩带的中段,火山岩主要以熔岩被、平顶山、火山锥的形式产出,熔岩厚约20 ～300 m.对其矿物组合、矿物化学和岩石化学的研究表明,为一套强碱性的碱玄岩-响岩组合.根据火山岩的接触关系、K-Ar和40Ar/39Ar同位素年龄测定结果,可分为三期.第Ⅰ期(年龄为34～32 Ma)火山喷发较弱,形成小范围分布的白榴碧玄岩;第Ⅱ期(年龄为29～26 Ma)火山喷溢最为强烈,形成大面积厚层白榴石响岩、响岩质碱玄岩和粗斑状霞石响岩;第Ⅲ期(年龄为24～19 Ma)火山喷发较弱,岩性为白榴碱玄岩和白榴碱玄质响岩.