中国东部温泉水和井水的氢氧同位素初步研究

对安徽、山东、辽宁的几处温泉水和井水的氧和氢同位素进行了对比研究,发现温泉水的氧和氢同位素值都低于井水的氧和氢同位素值。温泉水和井水的氧和氢同位素值都落在大气降水线附近,与Craig所作的大气降水线较为吻合。这一结果说明该地区温泉水和井水的补给源都来自大气降水。温泉水的δ~(18)O值变化范围很小,说明δ~(18)O值可能受该地区地质构造控制。温泉水和井水氧和氢同位素值具有明显的纬度效应,它们的氧和氢同位素值随纬度的增大而增加。     

监测井对加油站内地下水和土壤污染的监测作用

由于许多机动车加油站地面常沾染各类油品,给站内的地下水和土壤带来一定程度的污染,因此有必要在加油站建立监测井,随时从中取样进行分析测试,为监督和管理加油站的污染及排放提供可靠的数据,从而达到保护环境的目的.     

降水预测的模糊权马尔可夫模型及应用

中长期降水量的预测是气象科学的一个难点问题，论文首先基于降水过程存在大量不确定性、不精确性的特点，应用模糊有序聚类的方法建立降水丰桔状况的分级标准；然后针对降水量为相依随机变量的特点，采取以规范化的各阶自相关系数为权重，用加权的马尔可夫链来预测未来降水的丰桔变化状况；在此基础上，根据模糊集理论中的级别特征值，计算出具体的降水量；最后以山西省河曲水文站近50年的降水资料为实例，对该方法进行了具体的应用，收到了较为满意的结果，从而为提高中长期降水量预报的精度提供了一条值得探索的途径。     

基于混合PEBI网格的复杂井数值模拟应用研究

针对笛卡儿正交网格在描述复杂井型以及复杂油藏边界时存在的局限性,提出了综合运用径向网格、笛卡儿网格和六边形PEBI网格的混合PEBI网格计算方法.该方法中,在直井区域采用径向网格,可实现网格体积由小到大的变化;在复杂井区域采用笛卡儿网格,可充分把握井筒附近的流动状态;在油藏区域采用六边形PEBI网格,可更好地逼近复杂油藏边界和断层的形态.应用结果表明,混合PEBI网格具有高度的灵活性,与有限差分五点格式相比,有效降低了网格取向效应,能够满足精细油藏数值模拟的要求.     

具有两个异号非线性源项的波动方程的整体解

讨论了具有两个异号非线性源项的波动方程utt-△u a|u|p-1u-b|u|q-1u=0的初边值问题.依据势井理论,引入了一簇势井,并结合紧致性方法得到该问题整体解的存在性.     

北京地区降水年际变化及其城市效应的研究

用北京地区20个站近41年(1960—2000年)年降水资料讨论了北京地区年降水量大尺度年际变化特征及局地年降水距平的城市效应,主要结论有:(1)北京地区年降水量具有大尺度变化特征,其倾向率为-1．197／10a,相当于近41年北京地区年降水量减少了27．82 mm;(2)局地年降水距平百分比在城区附近为正距平中心,形成城市雨岛,其强度以0．6621%/10a增加,城市雨岛的年际变化与北京地区年降水量的年际变化趋势相反;(3)城市雨岛的变化还与天气过程强弱有关．当天气过程强(涝年)时,北京市区雨岛增强,当天气过程弱(旱年)时,北京市区雨岛消失．     

Community Climate Model 3模拟夏季极端降水的初步分析

采用累积频率的统计方法和Community Climate Model 3(CCM3)模拟的10年逐日降水结果,分析了模拟的夏季极端降水事件的时空分布特征.结果表明,CCM3模拟的极端降水阈值的大值区主要在我国黄河和长江流域的上游、印度半岛及其邻近海域和孟加拉湾及其北部地区.CCM3能够模拟出我国长江流域极端降水量与极端降水日数显著增加的趋势.对极端降水平均强度、降水日数以及极端降水量与总降水量比值的经验正交函数(EOF)分析可知,我国大部分地区的极端降水基本呈现同相变化,且以长江和黄河中游地区较为显著.CCM3模式基本能够模拟出观测到的极端降水阈值与总降水、极端降水日数及其距平的高空间相关性.     

综合降水技术在临江基坑中的施工应用

本工程通过轻型井点和真空深井相结合的降水方案,取得了良好的效果。     

MTC技术钻井液研究

MTC技术是把钻井液转化成水泥浆用来固井,可改善水泥环的层间封隔能力、提高环空内泥浆的顶替效率、降低固井成本、减轻废弃钻井液对环境的污染,且能提高固井质量,是现阶段固井的前沿技术,具有较强的实用性和广泛的推广使用价值。     

Water isotope variations in the snow pack and summer precipitation at July 1 Glacier, Qilian Mountains in northwest China

This paper presents the stable isotope data of the snow pack and summer precipitation collected at the July 1 Glacier, Qilian Mountains in northwest China and analyses their relationships with meteorologi- cal factors. On an event scale, there is no temperature effect on the δ 18O values in the summer pre- cipitation, whereas the amount effect is shown to be clear. By tracing the moisture transport history and comparing the precipitation with its isotopic composition, it is shown that this amount effect not only reflects the change in moisture trajectory, which is related to the monsoon activities, but is also associated with the cooling degree of vapor in the cloud, the evaporation of falling raindrops and the isotopic exchange between the falling drops and the atmospheric vapor. As very little precipitation occurs in winter, the snow pack profile mainly represents the precipitation in the other three seasons. There are low precipitation δ 18O ratios in summer and high ratios in spring and autumn. The Meteoric Water Line (MLW) for the summer precipitation is δ D = 7.6 δ 18O 13.3, which is similar to that at Delingha, located in the south rim of the Qilian Mountains. The MWL for the snow pack is δ D = 10.4 δ 18O 41.4, showing a large slope and intercept. The deuterium excess (d) of the snow pack is positively correlated with δ 18O, indicating that both d and δ 18O decrease from spring to summer and increase from early autumn to early spring. This then results in the high slope and intercept of the MWL. Sea- sonal fluctuations of d in the snow pack indicate the change of moisture source and trajectory. During spring and autumn, the moisture originates from continental recycling or rapid evaporation over rela- tively warm water bodies like Black, Caspian and Aral Seas when the dry westerly air masses pass over them, hence very high d values in precipitation are formed. During summer, the monsoon is responsi- ble for the low d values. This indicates that the monsoon can reach the western part of the Qilian Mountains.