岩石孔底断裂控制机理研究

在保证垂直槽孔断开明成型并全面贯通的孔压下，对孔底水平截面Ｉ－Ⅱ型复合裂纹断裂与装药结构的关系等进行了分析，建立了断裂判据，初步确定了裂纹扩展的方向及预应力对断裂的贡献。其结果与工程实践相吻合。     

“斜台阶切落体”结构特性及对覆岩采动裂缝的影响研究

针对我国西部矿区浅埋厚煤层下采煤易出现矿压剧烈、地表沉陷破坏严重等现象，以西部某矿22021工作面为研究背景，提出了浅埋厚煤层下的“斜台阶切落体”结构力学模型，得到了结构失稳的条件方程和求解支护力大小的公式，通过PFC数值模拟和工程应用进行了验证，并分析了该结构对覆岩采动裂缝发育规律的影响。结果表明：影响“斜台阶切落体”结构稳定性的主要因素为岩块块度和回转角，该结构的稳定性会直接影响覆岩采动裂缝的发育情况。煤层开采过程中，覆岩采动裂缝发育表现为斜角度延伸及周期性横向扩展特征，“斜台阶切落体”结构失稳前，裂缝发育阶段处于缓慢增长期，结构失稳后会导致覆岩采动裂缝数量出现断崖式增长，发育阶段进入急剧增长期，结构稳定性直接影响了覆岩采动裂缝的发育情况，从而影响地表沉陷的破坏情况。覆岩采动裂缝数量先后经历了1个缓慢增长期和4个急剧增长期的动态发育过程。在缓慢增长期，裂缝数量表现为随工作面推进距离增长的指数变化关系；在急剧增长期，裂缝数量表现为随工作面推进距离增长的线性变化关系。研究结果可为采动损害防护及地表生态修复提供依据。     

棉核·苏云菌防治棉铃虫大田示范试验

在147团19连进行了棉核.苏云菌防治棉铃虫田间药效试验,在绵铃虫发生期,用棉核.苏云菌悬浮剂30、40、150ml/666.7m2剂量喷雾防治,药后4、7、10天调查记录幼虫数,计算虫口减退率和校正防效。结果表明,处理2较处理1防效高10.6%,持续时间长,对天敌和作物安全,持续时间长,可推广应用。     

无限可分的M集

两千多年前庄子论道：＂一尺之棰,日取其半,万世不竭＂,是说原有一尺长的木棒,若每天从其上切取一半,将世世代代切取不完。这是无限可分的思想,品味起来挺有意思,可真操作起来却不容易。别说古代了,就现在的科学技术,     

Perfluoroalkyl substances in the blood samples from a male population of Sweden

Temporal trends of perfluoroalkyl substances （PFASs） have been determined in the blood samples from several countries globally including a female population in Sweden recently, yet little is known about the time trends in the blood levels of these compounds in Swedish male populations over recent years. In this study, the fourteen target PFASs consisted of four perfluorosulfonates （PFSAs） and ten perfluorocarboxylates （PFCAs） in the whole blood samples, collected from 153 Swedish elderly men during the period between 2008 and 2010, were analyzed via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）. As the dominant PFASs contaminants in the blood samples, perfluorooctane sulfo- nate （PFOS） showed the highest geometric mean （GM） at 8.5 ng/mL, ranging from 1.7 to 29 ng/mL, while blood perfluorooctanoic acid （PFOA） contained the GM of 1.8 ng/mL, ranging from 0.35 to 6.4 ng/mL. Both the levels of these two compounds were lower than those determined in the blood samples of Swedish elderly pop- ulations derived from the late 1990s. According to the temporal trend analysis, over the three years, the blood levels of PFOS in Swedish male populations declined 16 % per annum, while those of perfluoroundecanoic acid （PFUnDA） increased 6.1% per annum, which were con- sistent with those reported previously for the populations from other countries.     

Nanoscale structural and electronic evolution for increased efficiency in polymer solar cells monitored by electric scanning probe microscopy

Control of blend morphology at multi-scale is critical for optimizing the power conversion efficiency （PCE） of plastic solar cells. To better understand the physics of photoactive layer in the organic photovoltaic devices, it is necessary to gain understanding of morphol- ogy and the corresponding electronic property. Herein we report the correlation between nanoscale structural, electric properties of bulk heterojunction （BHJ） solar cells and the annealing-induced PCE change. We demonstrate that the PCE of BHJ solar cells are dramatically improved （from 1.3 % to 4.6 %） by thermal annealing, which results from P3HT crystalline stacking and the PCBM aggregation for interpenetrated network. The similar trend for annealing- induced photovoltage and PCE evolution present as an initial increase followed by a decrease with the annealing time and temperature. The surface roughness increase slowly and then abruptly after the same inflection points observed for photovoltage and PCE. The phase images in electric force microscopy indicate the optimized P3HT and PCBM crystallization for interpenetrating network formation considering the spectroscopic results as well. From the correlation between surface photovoltage, blend morphology, and PCE, we propose a model to illustrate the film structure and its evolution under different annealing conditions. This work would benefit the better design and optimization of the morphology and local electric proper- ties of solar cell active layers for improved PCE.     

地方理论视域下《管家》中的二元对立

玛丽莲·罗宾逊是美国当代著名小说家.她的作品题材大多与环境息息相关,反映了当代社会的环境问题.《管家》是她的第一部小说,国内学界对它的介绍和研究还比较匮乏.文章运用劳伦斯·布伊尔的地方理论来探讨《管家》中的二元对立.一方面,地方被人为地划分为两个互为对立的部分：人类与自然;另一方面,在人类社会内部,男性与女性处于对立状态,两性不平等现象特别严重.有鉴于此,罗宾逊希冀改变这种现状,呼吁人类突破地方局限,实现地方的统一,以最终实现人与自然之间以及两性之间的和谐共处.     

欧·亨利短篇小说的艺术特色探析

美国作家欧·亨利是伟大的短篇小说家。他的创作风格特别是以曲折的故事情节与出人意料的结局而闻名于世。在小说语言方面,多用修辞语言使故事愈发生动,愈发诙谐幽默,。本文拿《警察与赞美诗》小说为例进一步探讨了欧·亨利短篇小说的艺术特色。     

追风人物

杰基·塞莱比：“警匪是一家”？扎克伯格：全球最年轻的亿万富翁