基于UML&OPN的C4 ISR系统体系结构仿真验证研究

基于UML(uniform modeling language)和Petri网的不同特点,应用UML的不同视图来描述C4ISR系统体系结构的相关产品.根据产品之间的关联,把产品的UML视图转换为对象Petri网的仿真模型.通过系统动态行为仿真模型的执行,分析体系结构的时序关系、信息流关系和接口关系的合理性,验证系统功能是否满足需求,系统状态的变化是否正确,从而有效,合理地评估系统的性能.     

质量功能展开中自相关关系确定的粗糙集方法

针对质量功能展开中各项工程特性之间的自相关关系具有模糊、不确定和不分明等特质,提出了自相关关系确定的粗糙集方法.对于每一项顾客需求,由每一项工程特性组成相应的决策属性集,并由其它工程特性组成相应的条件属性集,分别构造了相应于该决策属性集的决策系统.基于粗糙集中相对约简和相对核等方法,分别建立了其相应的修正决策系统.利用信息熵和等价类的集成方法,获取了修正决策系统中各条件属性的重要度.引入了自相关关系的比例因子概念,确定了各项工程特性之间的自相关关系.以洗衣机的产品研发为例,说明了方法的应用.     

HOW ARE PRODUCT-SERVICE COMBINED OFFERS PROVIDED IN GERMANY AND ITALY？ ANALYSIS WITH COMPANY SIZES AND COUNTRIES

A new business concept that offers products and services in a different way of traditional product-sales businesses is getting more attention especially in manufacturing industries. This paper investigates how this new business by means of integration of products and services is achieved in Germany and Italy. In addition, it analyzes the differences according to the company sizes. The results include that this type of business is in many cases motivated by their focus on customers and often consists of physical products and their maintenance. The Italian companies, as opposed to the German ones, often design their physical products specifically for this type of offers. From the analysis based on the size difference, small companies are found to achieve specific design for this type of offers while owning physical products. There do not seem to be any established methods or tools developed to support the development of such offers and within such methods/tools there would be room for more adaptation in form of physical product design.     

Rough function model and rough membership function

Two pairs of approximation operators, which are the scale lower and upper approximations as well as the real line lower and upper approximations, are defined. Their properties and antithesis characteristics are analyzed. The rough function model is generalized based on rough set theory, and the scheme of rough function theory is made more distinct and complete. Therefore, the transformation of the real function analysis from real line to scale is achieved. A series of basic concepts in rough function model including rough numbers, rough intervals, and rough membership functions are defined in the new scheme of the rough function model. Operating properties of rough intervals similar to rough sets are obtained. The relationship of rough inclusion and rough equality of rough intervals is defined by two kinds of tools, known as the lower （upper） approximation operator in real numbers domain and rough membership functions. Their relative properties are analyzed and proved strictly, which provides necessary theoretical foundation and technical support for the further discussion of properties and practical application of the rough function model.     

合图法（co-plot）在入境游客期望感知分析的应用——以西安欧美游客为例

选取西安欧美客源为研究对象,运用合图法(co-plot)分析西安欧美游客的期望和实际感知特点,并同几种传统数据分析方法比较,结果得出从西安旅游两个层面28个因素,分析欧美游客期望、实际感知和期望差异三个属性特点,并运用合图技术划分为八组.和图法具有更强的图形展示功能,且同时分析研究对象及其属性,而传统方法常常把两者隔离开来.     

集体消耗公共资源的谋利行为的3种均衡及成员数量对效率的影响

在建立弱再生的资源的再生速度模型和谋利行为对资源的消耗模型的基础上,推导出在谋利行为下的弱再生的公共资源的均衡曲线与均衡模型;利用此模型分析了个人非理性、个人理性及集体理性时的不同均衡点,分析了这些均衡点之间的关系,并且提出引入惩罚函数来实现在集体最优均衡点,从而实现了有利于社会的行为控制.最后讨论了具有公共资源的集体中的成员数量对谋利行为收益的影响,主要得出3点重要结论:[1]在个体数量充分多的情况下,如果没有管理者进行控制,一般都会发展成过度谋利行为,从而对资源造成巨大的危害.[2]税收等惩罚函数的意义,不仅仅是养活政府和社会财富进行再分配,更在于能够对过度谋利行为具有抑制作用.[3]在不影响资源的功能的前提下,应当对公共资源尽可能细小的分割,使占有公共资源的集体尽可能的小.这样可以使保护资源管理成本达到最低,从而使人们的谋利行为的长远效益最大.     

从系统科学的观点看构建和谐社会

构建和谐社会是一个系统工程,必须运用系统科学的思维和方法。社会系统的和谐,有赖于各要素和子系统的共同作用、相互关系和谐、有序运行、协调发展,社会资源兼容共生。形成和谐的社会结构,包括：社会结构合理,人们行为规范,管理有序和有效。和谐社会要实现的功能目标包括：政治民主,法制完善,公平正义,经济发达,人与自然和谐相处,充满活力,文化多样,诚信友爱,安定有序。应全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态建设和人力建设,实现物质文明、政治文明、精神文明、社会文明、生态文明和人的文明协调发展,进入一个经济富强、政治民主、文化繁荣、社会和谐、生态良好、人全面发展的总体理想状态。     

不同温度下六斑月瓢虫对桃蚜功能反应的研究

通过不同温度下六斑月瓢虫对桃蚜的捕食量,进行了Holling-Ⅱ型和Holling-III型功能反应模型拟合,结果表明,六斑月瓢虫的发现率和最大捕食量随温度升高而增大,平均处理时间随温度升高而减少,表明高温有利于六斑月瓢虫的捕食。同时对六斑月瓢虫的利用进行了探讨。表2,参5。     

系统生成律与市场经济建设

任何完整事物的产生过程都是系统生成过程 ,系统生成过程包括要素生成、结构建立、层次分化、环境创建、功能发挥五个阶段 ,这五个阶段既依次交替 ,又相互交叉和渗透。我们在建设社会主义市场经济系统时 ,应当遵循系统生成规律 ,才能达到目的。     

Multi-attribute decision making method for air target threat evaluation based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets

The function of the air target threat evaluation (TE) is the foundation for weapons allocation and senor resources management within the surface air defense. The multi-attribute evaluation methodology is utilized to address the issue of the TE in which the tactic features of the detected target are treated as evaluation attributes. Meanwhile, the intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) is employed to deal with information uncertainty in the TE process. Furthermore, on the basis of the entropy weight and inclusion-comparison probability, a hybrid TE method is developed. In order to accommodate the demands of naturalistic decision making, the proposed method allows air defense commanders to express their intuitive opinions besides incorporating into the threat features of the detected target. An illustrative example is provided to indicate the feasibility and advantage of the proposed method.