微磨具磨削钠钙玻璃的磨损机理实验研究

建立了微磨削过程中单颗磨粒的磨损数学模型,通过观测微磨具磨削前后直径变化、表面形貌变化及加工前后试件的表面质量,分析了微磨削过程中不同阶段磨粒的磨损情况.利用粒度500~#微磨具对钠钙玻璃进行单因素磨损实验,研究不同的磨削影响因素对微磨具磨损的影响规律.实验结果表明:随着磨削速度和进给速度增大,磨粒的磨损和破碎现象加剧;随着去除材料体积的增加,微磨具直径先是急剧减小,而后呈线性减小趋势;加工表面的粗糙度随着去除工件体积的增加总体呈下降趋势.研究结果为提高微磨具的使用寿命和加工性能提供了理论参考和实验依据.     

主权财富基金：行走在透明与保密之间

美国财政部助理部长克莱·楼瑞估计,主权财富基金每年的增量就可以买下欧洲和美国政府发行的全部国债。     

中国十大功劳属和淫羊藿属植物分布式样的统计分析

应用除趋势对应分析和系统聚类分析对中国境内十大功劳属（Mahonia）和淫羊藿属（Epimedium）植物的分布式样进行了统计分析．结果表明：中国境内十大功劳属植物可分为西南一华中区、华南区、华东-华中区和热带区,以中国特有成分为主,其次为东亚成分和热带亚洲成分,分别占中国十大功劳属植物总数的90．63％、3．13％和6．25％;四川、云南、广西是中国十大功劳属植物资源最丰富的地区．中国的淫羊藿属植物可以分为西南-华中区、北方区、华东区、东北区和东南区,除朝鲜淫羊藿（E．koreanum）呈现东亚分布式样外,其余均为中国特有种;四川、湖北、贵州是中国淫羊藿属植物的多样性中心．     

Optical nonlinearity and ultrafast dynamics of ion exchanged silver nanoparticles embedded in soda-lime silicate glass

Ag nanoparticles embedded in soda-lime silicate glass were fabricated by ion-exchange and subse-quently annealing method. Z-scan technique, femtosecond time-resolved optical Kerr effect （OKE） technique and femtosecond pump-probe experiment were used to investigate the effects of laser wavelength and laser pulse duration as well as annealing temperature on the third-order optical nonlinearity and ultrafast dynamics of the composites. It was found that the third-order susceptibility of Ag nanoparticles composite glass measured by 400 nm pulse source is larger than that measured by 800 nm pulse source due to an enhancement effect of local field near surface plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles in silicate glass. The third-order optical nonlinearity measured by ns laser source is about two orders of magnitude larger than that measured from fs pulse. The annealing temperature has an important effect on the third-order optical nonlinearity and ultrafast dynamics of the composites. Third-order nonlinear susceptibility up to 10^-l0 esu and fast relaxation process up to 0.2 ps have been obtained in Ag nanoparticles doped glass.     

Super-plasticity of Zr<Subscript>64.80</Subscript>Cu<Subscript>14.85</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>10.35</Subscript>Al<Subscript>10</Subscript> bulk metallic glass at room temperature

Generally, bulk metallic glasses （BMGs） exhibit a very limited plastic deformation under a compression load at room temperature, often less than 2% before fracturing. In this letter, through an appropriate choice of BMGs＇ composition, an amorphous rod of Zr64.80Cu14.85Ni10.35Al10 with a diameter of 2 mm was prepared by using copper mold suction casting. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry were utilized to determine its structure and thermal stability, and the uniaxial compression test was adopted to study its plastic deformation behavior at room temperature simultaneously. The results showed that the glass transition temperature and onset temperature of the exothermic reaction of the amorphous rod were 646 and 750 K, respectively, and its micro-hardness was 594.7 Hv. During compression, when the engineering strain and engineering stress arrived at 9.05% and 1732 MPa, respectively, i.e., the true strain and true stress reached 9.42% and 1560 MPa, respectively, the amorphous rod started to yield. After yielding, with the increase of load, the strain increased and the glass rod ulti- mately were compressed into flake-like form. Although the maximum engineering strain was larger than 70%, i.e., the maximum true strain exceeded by 120%, the amorphous specimen was not fractured, indicating that it has super-plasticity at room temperature. Through the appropriate choice of composition and optimization of the technological process, flexible BMG with super-plasticity at room temperature could be produced.     

玻璃容器容量检定结果的不确定度评定

以50ml量瓶检定为例叙述在玻璃容器栓定过程中,对其检定结果的不确定度的评定。     

开放式基金的单阶段均值-方差模型

基于开放式基金的运行机制,对其最优投资组合问题建立了单阶段均值-方差模型,在赎回准备金有固定的比例的前提下,就是否存在无风险资产的投资进行了讨论,并推导出相应问题的最优解和有效前沿的表达式,同时还给出了含风险和预期收益的权衡参数ω的模型与一般均值-方差模型等价的充分必要条件.     

超越“玻璃顶”:美国大学女校长案例研究

从女性参与社会高层管理不足的事实出发,揭示了阻隔女性进入社会高层的“玻璃顶”现象。对美国北科罗拉多大学女校长进行了访谈和案例研究,描述了她的校长之路,治理环境及应对策略。并通过案例分析,得出以下结论：家庭和社会环境是点燃女性梦想的火种,女性自身的觉醒和努力是成功的关键,超然的心态和执著的追求是克服障碍的良策,男性的理解和帮助是女性发展的最大支持。     

首都高校生物学野外实习基地建设项目接受国家基金委评审

2008年10月14日,国家基金委组织了以陈家宽教授为组长,南京大学安树青教授、南开大学卜文俊教;授、兰州大学安黎哲教授、厦门大学陈小麟教授、中山大学彭少麟教授、中科院南京地质古生物研究所李一军;研究员为成员的专家组,对由我校作为项目主持单位,北京大学、清华大学、北京林业大学和中国农业大学作;为合作单位共同申报的“首都高校生物学野外实习基地建设项目”进行了评审论证．     

最奇特的树

马褂树马褂树又称鹅掌楸。它的叶子有十几厘米长,与一般植物的叶子不同,其前端是平截的,或微微凹入,而两侧则有深深的两个裂片,极像马褂,又似鹅掌,因而得名。马褂木的花外白里黄,极为美丽。马褂木属于木兰科鹅掌楸属,生长在我国华中、华东、西南地区。因其叶形奇特、花朵美丽,而成为我国著名观赏植物。